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关于英语定语从句知识点复习
在平凡的学习生活中，不管我们学什么，都需要掌握一些知识点，知识点是指某个模块知识的重点、核心内容、关键部分。掌握知识点是我们提高成绩的关键！以下是小编帮大家整理的关于英语定语从句知识点复习，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
关系副词引导的定语从句
1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语 ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语，用在reason后面。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
1．定语从句
在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.
那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。(定语从句作后置定语)
2．先行词
被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词，作先行词的可以是：
(1)一个词(通常是名词，也可以是代词)
This is the place which is worth visiting.
这是值得参观的地方。
He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。
(2)一个短语
Many lifes problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.
许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题，是现在的大家庭无力解决的。
(3)一个分句
The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people have realized how diverse languages could be.
希腊人认为，语言结构和思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
(4)一个完整的句子
I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately, which was why I was late that morning.
我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我立即乘出租车把他送到了医院，这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。
3．关系词
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中充当句子成分。
Beijing, which is the capital city of China, is a very beautiful city.(which代指Beijing，在从句中作主语)
4．先行词与关系词的关系
(1)关系代词who, that, which实际上是先行词的替代词
A plane is a machine that can fly.(that＝a machine)
The boy who broke the window is called Tom.(who＝the boy)
(2)关系代词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
The boy whose parents were dead was brought up by his grandfather.(whose＝the boys)
(3)关系副词实际上是“介词＋先行词”
The school where I study is far from my home. (where＝in the school)
5．分类
(1)限制性定语从句
它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。
Do you know the girl who just came in?
你认识那个刚刚进来的女孩吗？
The time when I first met Mr White was a very difficult period of my life.我第一次遇见怀特先生时是我生命中一个非常艰难的时期。
(2)非限制性定语从句
它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。
The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company.
这个老妇人一个人住，养了一只猫陪伴她。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的那栋房子有一个漂亮的花园。
关系代词
(一)关系代词的基本用法
1．who
用于指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
But the personwhotries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the personwhotries to do nothing and succeeds.(作主语)
但是，努力过却失败的人比那些坐享其成的人要好得多。
2．whom
用于指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替；但是，若从句中的介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom直接跟在介词后作宾语，不可用who代替。
In our class there are 48 students, half ofwhomare girls.(作宾语)我们班有48名学生，其中有一半是女生。
3．which
用于指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her studentswhichallows them to communicate freely with each other.(作主语)在为学生营造自由交流的氛围这方面，她很有天赋。
4．that
既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与who, whom互换，指物时通常可与which互换，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
The old town has narrow streets and small housesthatare built close to each other.(作主语)这个古老的小镇有狭窄的街道和建造得彼此靠得很近的小房子。
5．whose
表示所属关系，既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。
The books on the desk,whosecovers are shiny, are prizes for us.(作定语)
桌上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。
6．as
(1)引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用于下列结构：
①such＋名词＋as ...意为“像……一样的；像……之类的”；
②such(＋代词＋)as ...，意为“像……一样的；像……之类的”；
③the same(＋名词＋)as ...意为“和……同样的”。
He issucha manasis always ready to help others.(作主语)他是一个时刻准备帮助别人的人。
I have thesamebookasyou (have)．(作宾语)
我有一本和你的一样的书。
(2)引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分，意为“正如；像”。
“You cant judge a book by its cover，”asthe old saying goes.(作宾语)正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”
[特别注意]关系代词在从句中作宾语时一般可省略，但其前有介词时一般不可省略。
(二)关系代词的两处关注点
1．5种只用that而不用which的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时；
Do you haveanything thatyou want to say for yourself?
你有什么要为自己说的吗？
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very (恰恰，正好), the last, all, no, few, little, any等修饰时；
This is one ofthe most excitingfootball gamesthatI have ever seen.
这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This isthe onlythingthatwe can do now.
这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时；
The scientist and his achievements thatyou told me about are admired by us all.你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就为我们所有人所钦佩。
(4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也作表语时；
Shanghai is no longerthe city thatit used to be.
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Whois the personthatis standing at the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
2．which与as引导非限制性定语从句的3点区别
She married again,whichwas unexpected.
她再婚了，这是始料未及的。
She married again,aswe expected.
正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。
关系副词
[谨记规则]
(一)关系副词的分类
The days are gonewhenphysical strength was all you needed to make a living.
完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。
I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,wherewe enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。
Is this the reasonwhy/for whichhe refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们的提议的原因吗？
(二)关系副词与关系代词的易混点
若先行词为一些表示地点的抽象名词，如situation, point, stage, position, part, condition, case等，且引导词在从句中作状语，则常用关系副词where或“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果引导词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which引导。
I have come to the pointwhere/at whichI cant stand him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步。
Hes got into the situationwhere/in whichhe is in debt.
他已经陷入负债累累的境地。
At last he got the position(that/which)he had been dreaming of.
他最终得到了他梦寐以求的那个职位。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
[谨记规则]
(一)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
The newlybuilt gymnasium,the walls of whichare painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard study.
新建成的体育馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说真是一个安静的去处，特别是在刻苦学习后。
He has ten cousins,the youngest of whomis very clever.
他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
She still remembers the dayon whichshe won the prize.
她仍然记得她获奖的那一天。
He is studying in the classroom now,in front of whichstand two trees.
他现在正在前面有两棵树的那间教室里学习。
Mother is preparing lunch,during which timechildren are playing outside.
妈妈在准备午餐，在此期间，孩子们在外面玩。
There is a big window in my room,from whereI can see the railway station.
我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。
(二)两个注意点
1．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句中介词的确定：
(1)根据从句中动词、形容词等与介词的习惯搭配来确定。
Do you know the girlwith/to whomthe teacher talked just now？你认识刚才和老师谈话的那个女孩吗？(talk作“交谈”讲时，常与with或to搭配)
(2)根据语意表达的需要来确定。
Knowledge is the wingswith whichwe realize our dreams.
知识是我们借以实现梦想的翅膀。(with表示用某种手段、工具)
2．“介词＋which＋名词”结构引导的定语从句。常见的这类结构有：
during which time在此期间 at which time在这时
at which point在这一时刻 for which reason由于这个原因
in which case在这一情况下
语法填空解题“3视角”
1．关系代词的选用
(1)如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that; 非限制性定语从句中用who。
(2)如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom; 非限制性定语从句中用whom。
(3)如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句用which。
2．关系副词的选用
如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用when或where。
3．“介词＋关系代词”的判定
如果先行词指人， “介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom; 如果先行词指物， “介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。
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