小升初的英语知识点

时间:2021-04-05 16:33:42 英语知识 我要投稿
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小升初的英语知识点

  1现在进行时

小升初的英语知识点

  表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与now,listen,look等词连用,结构是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing.

  如:It is raining now.

  外面正在下雨

  It is six oclock now.

  现在6点了

  My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.

  我父母正在客厅看报纸

  Look! The children are having a running race now.

  看!孩子们正在赛跑

  问句将be动词移前,否定句在be动词后+not.

  2一般现在时

  表示经常反复发生的事情或动作,常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year) on Sundays等词连用。

  结构是主语+动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时,动词后加s或es.

  如:We have an English lesson every day.

  我们每天都要上英语课

  Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.

  男孩比女孩跑的快吗?是的

  问句借助于do, does否定句借助于dont, doesnt,后面动词一定要还原。

  3一般过去时

  表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与just now; a moment ago; ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。

  结构是主语+be动词的过去式(was; were)或主语+动词的过去式。

  注意:be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。

  如:My earphones were on the ground just now.

  我的耳机刚刚还在呢。

  Where were you last week? I was at a camp.

  你上个星期去哪了?我去野营了

  What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm

  你昨天去干嘛了?我去参观农场了。

  问句有be动词将be动词移前,没有be动词借助于did,后面动词还原;

  否定句有be动词在后面加not,没有借助于didnt后面动词还原。

  4一般将来时

  表示将要打算发生的事情或动作,常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am, is, are) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。

  如:What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.

  你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。

  The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.

  孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。

  Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.

  Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。

  问句将be动词或will移前;否定句在be动词或will后加not.

  5情态动词

  can; can should; shouldn must; may后一定加动词原形。

  如:The girl cant swim, but he can skate.

  女孩不会游泳,但是会滑冰

  Dont talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.

  不要再课上说话,你应该认真听老师讲。

  6祈使句

  肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以dont加动词原形开头。

  如:Open the box for me ,please.

  请为我打开盒子。

  Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.

  刘涛,明天请早点起床!

  Dont walk on the grass!

  不要在草地上走!

  Helen! Dont climb the tree,please.

  海伦!不要爬树。

  7go的用法

  去干嘛用go +动词ing

  如: go swimming; go fishing;

  go skating;

  go camping;

  go running;

  go skiing;

  go rowing

  8比较

  than 前用比较级;asas之间用原级。

  如:My mother is two years younger than my father.

  我妈比我爸年轻两岁。

  Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.

  刘涛跳得和本一样远。

  9喜欢做某事

  用like +动词ing或like+ to + 动原。

  如: Su Yang likes growing flowers.

  苏阳喜欢种花。

  The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.

  孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。

  10想要做某事

  用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。

  例:Id like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum

  11some

  用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用

  如:Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?

  12代词

  人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前,主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。

  宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后

  如:Open them for me. Let us , join me等。

  宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。

  形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用,分别是my your his her its our your their

  名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词,它只能单独使用后面不好加名词,分别是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。

  13介词

  介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词ing形式

  如:be good at running;

  do well in jumping;

  14时间介词

  季节前,月份前用介词in

  如:in summer;in March

  具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词on

  如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning

  在几点钟前用介词at

  如: at a quarter to four;

  只在上下午晚上用in

  如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;

  但在夜间用at night。

  另:季节,月份和星期前不好加the.

  15名词复数构成的方法

  有规则的有:

  (1)直接在名词后加s

  如orangeoranges; photophotos;

  (2) 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es

  如:boxboxes; glassglasses; waitresswaitresses; watchwatches;peach--peaches

  (3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

  如:studystudies;librarylibraries; hobbyhobbies; familyfamilies;

  (4)以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为v+es如:knifeknives; thiefthieves(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mangomangoes其余加s,)

  不规则的有:

  man womanwomen; peoplepeople; childchildren

  16动词第三人称单数的构成

  (1)直接在动词后加s

  如:run dancedances

  (2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es

  如:dogowashwashes;catchcatches

  (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

  如:studystudies; carrycarries;

  17现在分词的构成

  (1)直接在动词后加ing

  如:singsinging; skiskiing;

  (2)双写词尾加ing

  如:swimswimming; jogjogging;runrunning;

  (3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing

  如:rideriding; dancedancing; makemaking;

  18规则动词过去式的构成

  (1)直接在动词后加ed

  如:cleancleaned; milkmilked; playplayed;

  (2)以e结尾的直接加d

  如:dancedanced; tastetasted;

  (3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed

  如:studystudied;carrycarried;

  (4)双写词尾加ed

  如:stopstopped; jogjogged;

  不规则的有:am,is are do,does have,has go meet sit see get tell run come stealstole; read

  19形容词副词比较级的构成

  规则的:

  (1)直接在形容词或副词后加er

  如;smallsmaller; lowlower;

  (2)以e结尾的加r

  如:latelarer;

  (3)双写词尾加er

  如:bigbigger; thinthinner; fatfatter;

  (4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er

  如:heavyheavier; earlyearlier;

  不规则的有:

  good, wellbetter(最高级为best); many, much--- more(最高级为most);

  far---farther;

  20rain与snow的用法

  (1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词

  如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。

  (2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种形式分别是:

  动词原形rain, snow;

  第三人称单数rains ,snows;

  现在分词raining; snowing

  过去式rained; snowed;

  如:①Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正在下雨。

  ②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。

  ③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。

  ④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。

  (3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的

  如:It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。

  If it is rainy tomorrow, Ill stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。

  21比较级

  注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。

  如:My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancys. My brother is stronger than me.

  22have, has

  表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数);There is/ are;

  There was/ were 表示某地存在有

  注意There be 句型的就近原则

  单数或不可数用there is /was;

  复数用there are/ were.

  23本身就是复数的词

  眼镜glasses; 耳机earphones; 鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。

  如:My glasses were on the chair just now.

  但如果表示这双,这副,一双的时候用单数

  如:There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.

  24五个元音字母:Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;

  25一个的用法

  a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前;an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。

  如:There is an s, a t, a u, a d ,an e, an n,and a t in the word student.

  26时间表示法

  有两种:

  (1)直接读时钟和分钟。

  如6:10读成 six ten; 7:30读成seven thirty; 8:45读成eight forty-five;

  (2)用to与past表示。

  在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点

  如:6:10读成ten past six; 7:30读成half past seven;

  过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分

  如7:45读成a quarter to eight; 9:50读成ten to ten;

  27基数词变序数词的方法

  基变序有规律,结尾加上th; 一二三特殊例,结尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);

  八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替(即eigheighth; nineninth; five-- fifth ;twelvetwelfth);

  ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twentytwentieth;fortyfortieth);

  几十几十位为基个位为序(如第二十一为twenty-first)。

  另外强调序数词前一定要加the。

  28日期的表示法

  用the+序数词+ of +月

  如:三月三日 the third of March;

  12月25日 the 25th of December.

  29both 表示两者都

  如:My parents are both teachers.

  all表示三者以上都

  如:The students are all very excited.

  30节日的.表示法

  有day的节日前用on.

  没有day的节日前用at,

  如:at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Years Day.

  31激动兴奋的

  excited表示激动的,兴奋地主语是人;

  exciting表示令人激动的,令人兴奋的主语是事情

  如:The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.

  赛跑非常令人激动,因此所有的学生都很激动。

  32比较

  两者比较用比较级,三者以上比较用最高级

  如:Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does

  谁跑得更快,男孩还是女孩?男孩。

  Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.

  你最喜欢哪个季节?我最喜欢秋天。

  Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.

  你更喜欢哪个季节,夏天还是冬天?我更喜欢冬天。

  33动词还原的用法

  前面用了do, does did, dont, doesnt didnt后面动词要还原。

  如:Did she watch TV last night?

  Helen doesnt like taking photos.

  34到了

  到达用get to

  但注意到家,到这儿,到那儿不可以加to

  如:get home; get here; get there,

  另外go home; come here; go there也一样。

  35长着和穿着

  长着什么用with

  如:the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;

  穿着什么用in

  如:the man in black穿黑衣服的男人

  或:the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的妇女

  36让某人做某事

  用let sb后加动词原形

  如:Lets water the flowers together.

  是该做的时候了用Its time for+名词或Its time to +动原。

  帮助某人做某事是help sb with sth

  如:帮我学英语是 help me with my English

  37树上

  外来的东西在树上用in the tree

  如:the bird in the tree;

  树上长的用on the tree

  如:the apples on the tree

  38运动和乐器

  球类之前不加the;

  乐器之前必须加the

  如:play the piano; play football

  39一周中的第一天是Sunday; 一年中的第一个月是January

  40get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样

  如:get stronger; get longer

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