初中英语被动语态知识点梳理

时间:2022-08-19 11:55:09 英语知识 我要投稿
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初中英语被动语态知识点梳理

  知识点是知识、理论、道理、思想等的相对独立的最小单元。下面是小编给大家带来的初中英语被动语态知识点梳理,希望能帮到大家!

初中英语被动语态知识点梳理

  一要注意被动语态的不同时态

  被动语态由“be+过去分词”,其中的助动词 be 根据情况可使用各种不同时态。如:

  She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般现在时)

  The book will be reprinted soon. 这本书很快会重印。(一般将来时)

  The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(现在进行时)

  They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。(现在完成时)

  二要注意带情态动词的被动语态

  该结构的基本形式为“情态动词+be(或be的适当形式)+过去分词”。这类结构非常有可能作为语境题出现在考卷中。如:

  The rules must be obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守。

  They shouldn’t have been told about it. 这事是不应当告诉他们的。

  三要注意非谓语动词的被动语态

  1. 不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。如:

  She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。

  He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后被邀请发言的人。

  2. 不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to have been+过去分词”构成。如:

  I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。

  3. 现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如:

  I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。

  Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有墙作保护,他感到很安全。

  4. 现在分词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如:

  Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话,我明天就得做准备。

  The subject having been opened,he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了,他不得不谈下去。

  5. 动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如:

  She likes being looked at. 她喜欢被人瞧。

  He hates being made a fool of. 他讨厌被别人愚弄。

  This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没解决。

  6. 动名词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如:

  Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。

  After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指令后,我开始信心十足了。

  注:过去分词没有被动式,因为它本身可以表示被动意义。如:

  The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。

  初中英语知识点小结:主动语态和被动语态

  语态表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态,如:We speak Chinese in China.在中国我们说汉语;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态,如:Chinese is spoken by us in China.在中国汉语被我们说。

  一、主动语态改成被动语态方法 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:

  1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;

  2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;

  3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略);

  例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.

  二、被动语态的用法:

  1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

  2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year.

  3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages.

  4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Many more trees will be planted next year.

  5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often.

  6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

  7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted.

  三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:

  1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

  2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. This new book sells well.

  3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to。 例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

  4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

  5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

  常见考法

  对于语态考查,多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用被动语态的能力。一般情况下,会综合考查时态和语态,这时,要根据语境和动作发生的时间来确定时态,然后再确定语态。

  典型例题:–Could you tell me whom the radio__________by? -Sorry, I have no idea.

  A invents B invented C is invented D was invented

  解析:题干的意思是“你能告诉我收音机是谁发明的吗?”,发明收音机是过去的事,所以用过去时,排除 A和C;而radio和invent 构成被动关系,应用被动语态,排除B

  答案:D

  误区提醒

  有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动结构后要加上“to”,这一点我们必须注意。

  典型例题:The young man was often seen _____ by the lake.

  A to draw B to drawing C draw D drew

  解析:这是2007年济南的中考题。“看到某人做某事”为see sb.do sth.。句中动词原形是省略to的不定式,在被动语态中要还原to。

  答案:A

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