英语写作十大技巧

时间:2022-09-14 10:45:07 英语写作 我要投稿

英语写作十大技巧

  英语写作和汉语写作一样,要写出好文章除了要有好的内容外还少不了好的结构,而结构的好坏又取决于选词造句。以下是小编收集整理的英语写作十大技巧,希望能够帮助到大家。

英语写作十大技巧

  1. Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic.

  不同的段落构成文章,每个段落仅传递一个观点。

  2. As a rule, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; end it in conformity with the beginning.

  规则:每个段落均以主题句开头,并且首尾呼应。

  A. the tohttps://p.9136.com/0bes at or near the beginning;

  主题句前置;

  B. the succeeding sentences explain or establish or develop the statement made in the topic sentence;

  段落围绕主题句展开,后面的句子对主题句进行展开解释;

  C. the final sentence either emphasizes the thought of the topic sentence or states some important consequence.

  末尾句或者对主题句进行强调,或者阐述主题句带来的结果。

  3. Use the active voice

  主动句永远比被动句直接有力

  Eg: There were a great number of dead leaves lying on the ground.

  = Dead leaves covered the ground. (清晰生动)

  Eg: The reason that he left college was that his health became impaired.

  = Failing health compelled him to leave college. (简洁有力)

  Eg: It was not long before he was very sorry that he had said what he had.

  = He soon repented his words. (简洁有力)

  4. Put statements in positive form

  以肯定的形式表达否定的意思, 避免使用平淡、毫无色彩,犹豫不决和含糊其辞的语言。

  Eg:He was not very often on time.

  = He usually came late.

  Eg: He did not think that studying Latin was much use.

  = He thought the study of Latin useless.

  Eg: The taming of the Shrew is rather weak in spots. Shakespeare does not portray Katharine as a very admirable character, nor does Bianca remain long in memory as an important character in Shakespeare’s works.

  = The women in The Taming of the Shrew are unattractive. Katharine is disagreeable, Bianca insignificant.

  5. Omit needless words

  删除冗词

  Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell.

  有力的写作一定简洁。

  Owing to the fact that

  =Since (because)

  In spite of the fact that

  =Though (although)

  Call your attention to the fact that

  =Remind you (notify you)

  The fact that he had not succeeded

  =His failure

  6. Avoid a succession of loose sentences

  别写流水账,找找语言的逻辑关系,通过who, which, when, where, and while 这些词把句子串起来。

  7. Express co-ordinate ideas in similar form

  Parallel structure 平行结构讲究对称美:内容对等,结构一致。

  Eg: Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed.

  Parallel structure: Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.

  8. Keep related words together

  词的位置决定词的关系,所以遵循“物以类聚”,意思关联紧密的词放在一块。

  A: 主谓之间不分割,补充信息需前置

  Eg: Wordsworth, in the fifth book of The Excursion, gives a minute description of this church.

  Eg: In the fifth book of the Excursion, Wordsworth gives a minute description of this church. (状语前置,主谓毗邻)

  B:关系代词紧随先行词出现

  Eg: There was a look in his eye that boded mischief.

  Eg: In his eye was a look that boded mischief. (名词look先行,关系词that紧随)

  9. In summaries, keep to one tense

  总结通常使用现在时态,如果使用过去时,请保持时态一致。

  10. Place the emphatic words of a sentence at the end

  欲擒故纵的圆周句(periodic sentence)中,强调信息后置。

  Eg: Four centuries ago, Christopher Columbus, one of the Italian mariners whom the decline of their own republics had put at the service of the world and of adventure, seeking for Spain a westward passage to the Indies as setoff against the achievements of Portuguese discoverers, lighted on America.

  Eg: With these hopes and in this belief I would urge you, laying aside all hindrance, thrusting away all private aims, to devote yourselves unswervingly and unflinchingly to the vigorous and successful prosecution of this war.

  拓展:英语写作技巧剖析

  内容

  1、你想说的最重要的事是什么?如果已经说出来了,在草稿中找出这段话,并在句子下面划线。如果还没有说出来,现在就写。

  2、文章里所写的每件事都同主旨相关吗?哪个部分你不需要?如果你写的是当你在银行实习时,意识到自己宁愿成为一名核物理学家,那么坐公交上班这段话就显得十分没有必要了。

  3、你做到具体化了吗?如果发现自己只是泛泛而谈,那么就把一般变为具体。

  4、你有没有思考并回答读者最想问的问题?

  5、你的文章是否像你的人?有没有在陈述自己时过于正式?是不是过于随意?寻找一种适合主题的语调(乏味的语调会毁了一个好故事)。

  6、文章中最令你满意的是什么?

  7、文章中最令你不满的是什么?哪一部分还不对头?要使它和文章其他部分一样好,你能做什么?

  趣味

  1、你开头的第一个句子能否抓住读者的注意力?如果你是读者,它能吸引你吗?“我14岁时,我家搬到了吉隆坡”是否同“他们把大货车开过来,上面装着各种各样的箱子。我的东西被他们无情地扔进里面,直到空荡荡的房间里只剩下我一个人。我们又搬家了。”一样吸引人?

  2、你的文章是否需要更多的细节?举例来说,如果你已经写了在你志愿服务的野营地里,孩子们教会你“欣赏生活中简单的事情”,你还需要再多写一到两句话,详细描述一下这种教育意味着什么。

  3、结尾能让读者们感觉文章已经写完了吗?结束语听上去像是结束语吗?在一篇写自己从错误中汲取教训的文章里,一个总结性的概括,不如某些发自内心的简单写法具有感染力。

  4、大声地读你的文章,相信自己的耳朵。你认为这篇文章有趣吗?如果自己都觉得它令人厌倦,想想读者的感觉!

  清楚

  1、是否每个段落在文章中都有明确的位置?如果不是,就需要做些删除或改写一下。

  2、你的读者能轻松地跟上你的思绪吗?有没有需要填充的裂缝或者需要删除的不必要的迂回?

  3、有没有一些词或句子显得粗糙或模棱两可?如果有,删除模棱两可的词,加工粗糙的地方。

  简洁

  1、你的文章到底是从哪里正式开始的?能否把那些引导性的句子删除,直接进入主题?

  2、有没有和主题无关的细节?如果有,删掉它们。

  3、是否用了很多的词语,其实用一到两个词就可以完全代替?“我要告诉你们的非常重要的一点是,我申请的只有贵校一所学校,那是我从童年开始形成的一生的渴望。”这是一个无比冗长的句子,不如改为:“我只申请了艾莫利大学,因为我一直都想进这所学校。”记住,在一篇短文里,每一个字都要有意义。

  用法和风格

  1、你把所有的旧词、过时的词都删掉了吗?

  2、你用没用主动语态和动作性很强的动词?

  3、对句子的长度和结构进行过修改吗?

  4、有没有用到描述性的词和比喻的手法?

  5、是否避免了使用空洞的修饰语,如“very”,“rather”,“somewhat”等等?

  6、如果使用了缩略语,它们是否和文章的风格统一?省略号的位置对不对?

  语法

  1、主语同动词单复数是否一致?

  2、代词与先行词是否一致?

  3、代词指代明确吗?(尤其要注意的是“this”和“that”)

  4、修饰词的位置是否靠近被修饰词?

  5、有没有悬垂结构或放错位置的修饰语?

  6、动词的形式同时态及语态一致吗?

  7、有没有逗号重叠的情况?

  8、有没有发现不完整的句子?

  标点符号

  1、标点符号是否明确地划分开句子结构?

  2、所用的标点符号,如省略号、冒号、波折号、分号、逗号、括号、连字号、引号等是否正确?

  3、是否尽量不使用惊叹号?(合适的词语比惊叹号在表达上更为有效)

  技巧

  1、大写字母是否用得正确并前后呼应?

  2、数字使用是否相互对应?(十以前的数字最好用拼写的方式,十以后的数字用符号代替。如果搞不清楚,就全用符号表示。)

  3、每个词都拼写正确吗?

  4、因篇幅所限需要分开的词分得是否正确?

  5、你的文章是否打印得整洁?版式是否吸引人?

  较对

  1、有没有丢掉的词或行?

  2、有没有打字错误?

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