高考英语语法填空解题技巧

时间:2023-02-14 14:15:51 海玲 英语学习方法 我要投稿

高考英语语法填空解题技巧

  语法填空是高考英语的重要的题型,为了方便考生备考高考英语语法填空题,接下来,小编为你分享高考英语语法填空解题技巧,希望对你有帮助。

高考英语语法填空解题技巧

  高考英语语法填空解题技巧

  新课标高考英语语法填空题设空设空大致有如下特点:

  无提示词一般考查:冠词、介词、连词、代词、助动词、固定搭配等

  有提示词一般考查:谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。

  具体策略:

  (一)、给出动词基本形态,填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词),或填写谓语部分,或是填写非谓语动词;

  (二)、给出词语,词性的变化,如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转化,名词的复数形式,给出形容词,需要填写比较级、最高级,或词性词形转化,转化为副词,或是填写反义词(前缀);

  (三)、给出副词,填写比较级、最高级,或是填写反义词;

  (四)、不给词语填写限定词的时候,很可能是填冠词、人称代词主格宾格形式,物主代词、反身代词的单复数形式。形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词;有的名词前有限定词,比如:序数词,形容词的最高级等,其前用定冠词。

  高考英语语法填空不给提示词范例:

  例:【2015课标II】The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ______ most modern of architects and engineers.

  答案与分析:the。这里名词由形容词的最高级修饰,因此用定冠词。

  例:【2015广东】He owned ______ farm, which looked almost abandoned.

  答案与分析:a。名词farm前应该有冠词,因为在文章中第一次出现,所以用不定冠词。

  例:【2010广东】After the student left, the teacher let ______ student taste the water.

  答案与分析:another。上文谈到一个学生让老师品尝他从沙漠里带了来的泉水,当那个学生离开后,老师让另一个学生品尝这泉水的味道。根据语境这里填写限定词another。

  例:【2016广东】Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ______ was a wonderful holiday destination.

  答案与分析:it。第二个句子中的宾语从句缺主语,这里it代替前文提到过的Miami。

  例:【2015课标I】For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away ______ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

  答案与分析:by

  例:【2016课标II】There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.

  答案与分析:and。There were many people waiting at the bus stop是个完整的句子,some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.也是个完整的句子,两句之间是并列关系。

  例:【2012广东】______he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was

  wrong.

  答案与分析:Although/Though。这里有两个句子,______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back和he was wrong.,且两个句子之间没有分号或句号,根据句意可知,第一个句子是让步状语从句。

  例:【2015课标II】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ______ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

  答案与分析:how。因为...the Pueblo Indians figured out和...the adobe walls needed to be...是两套主谓关系,即两个句子,它们之间没有句号或分号,空格处必定是填连词;根据句意,确定填写连词how。

  例:【2016广东】I didnt understand ______ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.

  答案与分析:why

  例:【2015课标I】Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ______ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.

  答案与分析:that/which

  例:【2013广东】His son looked surprised, I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, _____not save a bit of money?

  答案与分析:why

  例:【2016课标II】Then the driver stood up and asked, _______anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?

  答案与分析:Did

  总之,以上讲解了语法填空题的部分微技能,例题都来自于高考真题,具有代表性。无论试题如何变化,万变不离其宗,只要牢固掌握英语的语法和词汇知识,就一定能做好语法填空题中的纯空格填空题。

  高考英语语法填空有提示词范例:

  例:【2015课标I】Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ______ (painting).

  答案与分析:paintings。该词前面有限定词many,因此用复数形式。

  例:【2016课标I】While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ______ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 答案与分析:changes。该词后面的动词是复数形式,因此change用复数形式。

  例:【2015课标I】Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ______ (clean) than ever.

  答案与分析cleaner

  例:【2015课标II】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ______ (able) to air condition a house without using electric equipment.

  答案与分析ability

  例:【2015课标II】As ______ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

  答案与分析natural

  例:【2015课标II】Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ______ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.

  答案与分析slowly

  例.【2016课标I】Just be ______ (patience).

  答案与分析patient

  例:【2015课标II】This cycle ______ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.

  答案与分析:goes。根据句中的时间状语day after day和后面的句子中使用的时态,可以确定该动词用一般现在时态形式,主语是单数,因此动词用数三人称单数形式。

  例:【2015课标I】It was raining lightly when I ______ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.

  答案与分析:arrived。所给动词arrive前是代词I,这里应该是谓语动词,因为主句的时态是过去时态,因此这里用过去时态。

  例:【2015课标II】When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.

  答案与分析to cool

  例:【2015课标I】Abercrombie Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ______ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

  答案与分析living

  例:【2015课标I】A study of travelers ______ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

  答案与分析conducted

  例:【2010广东】He spit it out, ______ (say) it was awful.

  答案与分析:saying。在这里say前没有并列连词,因此可以推断不是并列谓语,是非谓语动词,又因为say与主语he的关系是主动关系,因此用现在分词。

  高考英语语法填空口诀:

  一、冠词基本用法【速记口诀】

  名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,可数名词单,须用a或an,辅音前用a,an在元音前,若为特指时,则须用定冠,复数不可数,泛指the不见,碰到代词时,冠词均不现。

  【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有:

  ①名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;

  ②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;

  ③如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词。

  二、名词单数变复数规则【速记口诀】单数变复数,规则要记住,一般加s,特殊有几处:

  【妙语诠释】

  ①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s,也就是单词如果以ch,sh,s,x等结尾),则一般加es;

  ②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;

  ③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox—oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth。

  三、名词所有格用法【速记口诀】名词所有格,表物是“谁的”,若为生命词,加“’s”即可行,词尾有s,仅把逗号择;并列名词后,各自和共有,前者分别加,后者最后加;若为无生命词,of所有格,前后须倒置,此是硬规则。

  【妙语诠释】

  ①有生命的名词所有格一般加s,但如果名词以s结尾,则只加“’”;

  ②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时,分别加“’s”,如果是共有,则只在最后名词加“’s”;

  ③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,A of B要翻译为B的A。

  四、接不定式作宾语的动词【速记口诀】三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝;设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。

  【妙语诠释】三个希望两答应:hope,wish,want,agree,promise两个要求莫拒绝:demand,ask,refuse设法学会做决定:manage,learn,decide不要假装在选择:petend,choose

  五、接动名词作宾语的动词【速记口诀】 Mrs. P Black missed a beef bag. (布莱克夫人丢了一个牛肉袋。)

  【妙语诠释】该句话中每个字母代表了一个动词或短语,这些动词要求后面跟动名词作宾语。这些动词分别是:M=mind,r=risk,s=succeed in,P=practice,B=be busy,l=look forward to,a=admit,c=can’t help,k=keep on,m=miss,i=insist on,s=suggest,s=stop,e=enjoy,d=delay,a=avoid,b=be worth,a=advise,g=give up。

  六、不定式作宾语补足语时省to的动词【速记口诀】一感,二听,三让,四看,半帮助

  【妙语诠释】一感:feel;二听:hear,listen to;三让:make,let,have;四看:see,notice,watch,ob-serve;半帮助:help。

  七、形容词和副词比较等级用法【速记口诀】

  1.比较级与最高级:两者比较than相连,三者比较the在前。

  2.同级比较:同级比较用原形,as…as永不离;as…as加not,只言两者是同一,若是not so…as,后强前弱不看齐。

  【妙语诠释】

  ①比较级通常和than连用,而最高级通常跟有定冠词the;

  ②同级比较一般用as…as表示“与…一样”,这时谁强谁弱不能比较出来,而not so…as则表示后者比前者强,翻译为“不如……”。

  八、反意疑问句用法【速记口诀】反意问句三要点,前后谓语正相反;短句not如出现,必须缩写是习惯;最后一点应注意,短句主语代词填。

  【妙语诠释】

  ①反意疑问句的构成应该是“肯定的陈述句+否定的疑问”或“否定的陈述句+肯定的疑问”;

  ②在短句中not必须与do,will,can等组成缩写形式;

  ③在简短问句中,疑问句的主语必须是代词,而不能用名词形式。

  九、感叹句用法【速记口诀】感叹句,并不难,what、how放句前;强调名词用what,其余用how很简单。

  【妙语诠释】由what引导的感叹句一般修饰名词,而how引导的感叹句一般修饰形容词、副词或句子。

  十、宾语从句用法【速记口诀】宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if,whether)替;特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。

  【妙语诠释】

  宾语从句应注意三点:

  ①引导词,陈述句一般由that引导,这时的that可以省略;一般疑问句则由if或whe-ther引导;而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。

  ②时态,主句是现在时态,从句可用所需要的任何时态;但如果主句是过去时态,从句时态所表示时间一般往前移一个时间段。

  ③语序,宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序。

  英语名词单数变复数规则

  【速记口诀】

  单数变复数,规则要记住,

  一般加s,特殊有几处:

  【妙语诠释】

  ①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s,也就是单词如果以ch,sh,s,x等结尾),则一般加es;

  ②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;

  ③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox—oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth。

  英语名词所有格用法

  【速记口诀】

  名词所有格,表物是“谁的”,

  若为生命词,加“’s”即可行,

  词尾有s,仅把逗号择;

  并列名词后,各自和共有,

  前者分别加,后者最后加;

  若为无生命词,of所有格,

  前后须倒置,此是硬规则。

  【妙语诠释】

  ①有生命的名词所有格一般加s,但如果名词以s结尾,则只加“’”;

  ②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时,分别加“’s”,如果是共有,则只在最后名词加“’s”;

  ③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,A of B要翻译为B的A。

【高考英语语法填空解题技巧】相关文章:

高考英语语法填空解题诀窍02-01

高考英语完形填空的解题技巧01-27

高考英语完形填空解题技巧指导03-03

高考英语完形填空解题技巧汇总02-04

高考数学填空题解题技巧201703-05

2017高考数学填空题的解题技巧01-28

GRE考试填空的解题技巧03-02

英语完型填空解题技巧01-19

中考英语完形填空解题技巧01-27