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英语语法知识讲解之解析祈使句

时间：2021-03-06 18:21:31 英语知识我要投稿

英语语法知识讲解之解析祈使句

　　【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全，希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。

英语语法知识讲解之解析祈使句

　　表叮嘱

　　■典型例句

　　Fasten your seat belt. 系好安全带。

　　Be sure to get here before nine. 千万要在九点以前到。

　　Stay in bed for a couple of days. 卧床休息几天。

　　Take care of yourselves. 你们要注意身体啊!

　　Look over what you’ve written before handing it to the examiner. 先把你写的看一遍，再交给考官。

　　Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down. 过马路要非常小心，要看两边，不然会被车撞倒。

　　表建议

　　■典型例句

　　Get your hair cut! 你去理发吧!

　　Get your eyes tested! 你去检查一下你的眼睛吧!

　　Ask Jake, not his wife. 去问杰克，不要问他妻子。

　　Come early, but not before six. 早点来，但别在6点以前。

　　Go off for the weekend, why don’t you? 去度周末，好吗?

　　Have a bath and a rest and you’ll feel better. 洗个澡，休息一下，你就会觉得好些。

　　Cancel the match if it rains. If it rains, cancel the match. 如果下雨，就取消比赛吧。

　　Take a taxi, otherwise you’ll miss your train. 你如不叫出租汽车，你就会误掉火车的。

　　You try teaching 40 noisy children five days a week! 你来试试每周5天教40个吵闹的孩子!

　　注：以let’s开头的祈使句通常表示建议。如：

　　Let’s go to the cinema tonight. 今晚咱们去看电影。

　　Let’s get down to work. 咱们干起来吧

　　表命令

　　■典型例句

　　Hands off! 不要摸!

　　Go there right away. 马上去那儿。

　　Nobody move. 任何人都不许动。

　　Stand over there. 站到那边去。

　　Drop that gun, or I’ll shoot you. 放下枪，不然我就打死你。

　　表请求

　　■典型例句

　　Give me a hand, will you? 帮我一个忙，好吗?

　　Please help me for a few minutes. 请帮我几分钟。

　　Please remember me to Mr. Smith. 请帮我向史密斯先生致意。

　　Do forgive me I didn’t mean to be rude. 务请原谅，我无心对你粗鲁无礼。

　　Be an angel and fetch me my slippers please. 请行行好，把我的拖鞋拿来。

　　Please don’t telephone before 8 a. m. 早8点以前请不要打电话。

　　Hand me the hammer, will you? 把锤子递给我好吗?

　　Do be quiet, for God’s sake! 看在上帝的份上，安静一会儿吧!

　　Give me some bread as well, please. 请你也给我一点儿面包吧。

　　Bring the fruit up to the dining room, will you? 把水果送到楼上餐厅里来好吗?

　　I’ll try on a few of these shirts. Please pass me that white one. 我要试穿几件衬衣，请把那件白色的递给我

　　初三英语上册知识点：Let引导的祈使句

　　由"let"带头的.祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下列三种：

　　1.表示“建议”。

　　这个句型里的"let"后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语，如：

　　(1) Let me try.

　　(2) Let's do it.

　　(3) Let me go and look for it.

　　这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a和(4)b:

　　(4) a. Don't disturb him.

　　b. Let's not disturb him.

　　(a)是直接命令，语气强烈，不如(b)温柔悦耳。

　　2.表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。

　　这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词，如：

　　(5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing department.

　　(6) Let her join our choir.

　　3.表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。

　　这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外，有时还语带讽刺，如：

　　(7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own.

　　(8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.

　　用"let"的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点：

　　一、"let" 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let……"(见例(9));如果宾语是第一人称，则用"Let……not" (见例(10))：

　　(9) Don't let this type of things happen again.

　　(10) It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain.

　　二、"Let"只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态 (the passive voice),如：

　　(11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.

　　(12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.

　　三、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词 (The infinitive without"to")之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out, in, down, alone等：

　　(13) Let the puppy out.

　　(14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in.

　　(15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.

　　(16) Let me alone, please.

　　四、用"Let's"时，把谈话者的对象包括在内;用"Let us"时，并不包括对方，如：

　　(17) Let's try it, shall we?

　　(18) Let us do it by ourselves, will you?

　　从(17)里的"shall we"和(18)里的"will you"，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。

　　英语语法大全：祈使句

　　【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了小学英语语法大全，希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

　　祈使句表示请求、命令、建议、邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调。

　　肯定句：动词原型

　　Come here, please.

　　Go downstairs, please.

　　Stand up.

　　Sit down.

　　Be quiet.

　　Be careful.

　　祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾：

　　Come in, Amy.

　　Sit down here, Tom.

　　Mary, give me a book please.

　　否定：Don't+动词原型

　　Don't come here.

　　Don't sit down.

　　Don't stand up.

　　Don't give me it.

　　let sb. do 让某人做

　　Let me pass.

　　Let us have a rest.

　　Let's have a rest.

　　反意疑问：

　　Let's have a walk along the river, shall we?

　　Let us go out for a drink, will you?

　　初中英语句型分类知识点详解：祈使句

　　一般祈使句

　　句型[(呼语)，(Don't)动词原形+(宾语)+其他]

　　1. Study, study and once more study. 2. Working men of all countries, unite!

　　3. Learn from comrade Lei Feng. 4. Don't forget it. 5. Come here.

　　6. Stop crying and wipe away your tears.

　　句型[(Don't)Be+表语+(其他)]

　　1. Be red and expert. 2. Be brave, don't be afraid. 3. Don't be shy!

　　4. Be careful, when cross the street. 5. Be an honest person, speak and act honestly.

　　3. Don't be afraid, speak out.

　　句型[Get+过去分词/副词虚助词+(其他)]

　　1. Get organized! 2. Get done with it. 3. Get away! 4. Get along with you.

　　5. Get out of here. 6. Get back.

　　[附注] 祈使句一般不用主语，如系多数人而须指示任务时可以有主语，这个主语相当于呼语。如：

　　1. You talk; we have heard enough from the others.

　　2. Everybody shut their eyes.

　　3. You sweep the floor, Xiao Wang; you clean the desks, Xiao Li, and others fetch water.

　　其次，大人对孩子说话，或含有急躁、厌烦等情绪，也可加主语you

　　1. Now you listen to me. 2. You must not talk so loud!

　　3. Now you get a bit of paper and write down. 4. Your mind your own business!

　　第三，当句中的副词虚助词在句首时，须用主语，如：In you go! (=Go in, please.)

　　强语势祈使句

　　句型62[(肯定句)Do +动词原形+(其他)]/[(否定句) Never+动词原形+(其他)]

　　1. Do tell me! 2. Do be careful! 3. Do come! 4. Do stay with us! 5. Never tell a lie.

　　6. Never stand right in the middle of your work.

　　7. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

　　句型[No/None of+名词!]

　　1. No falsehood! Our strength lies in stating the truth.

　　2. The King said: "he has studied too much, No books and no teachers any more!...

　　3. None of your little games! 4. None of your nonsense! 5. None of your impudence

　　[注1] no是泛指，none所指有一定的范围

　　[注2] 旧时有用for God's sake或for goodness' sake等来加强语气的。For God's sake don't fire that gun!

　　委婉祈使句

　　句型[Please+动词原形+(其他)]

　　1. Please pass me the dictionary. 2. Lend me your knife, please.

　　3. Don't stand please on ceremony. 4. Move along, please. 5. Please help yourself!

　　[注] 文学作品中please可用pray替代，如：1. Pray go home. 2. Pray, go on with your next story.

　　句型[Will you/ Won't you/ Would you+动词原形+(其他)]

　　1. Will you come here? (= Please come here.) 2. Will you do the beds, while I do the windows?

　　3. Help me with this luggage, will you? 4. Won't you stay a little longer?

　　5. Won't you have some more? 6. "Would you do me a favor?" - "Why, of course."

　　7. Would you like another drink? 8. Would you kindly show me the way?

　　[注] 疑问句的祈使句还有 could, can, may, might, 如：Could you lend me five shillings until tomorrow?

　　Might (May) I borrow your pen (for) a moment?

　　句型[Would you mind (not) +动名词+(其他)]/ [Do you mind (not) +动名词+(其他)]

　　1. "Would (或Do) you mind lending me your dictionary?"-"Certainly not."

　　2. Would you mind being here at nine o'clock?

　　3. "Do you mind my opening the window?"-"Oh, no, please."

　　4. Do you mind not smoking in the dining-room, please?

　　句型[What about +动名词+(其他)]/[How about+动名词+(其他)]

　　1. What about starting work tomorrow? 2. What about going out for a walk?

　　3. How about trying to do it my way?

　　句型[Be+so good/kind as+不定式+(其他)]/ [Be+good/kind enough+不定式+(其他)]

　　1. Be so good as to come and join us at 5 o'clock.

　　2. Be so kind as (=kind enough) to shut the door.

　　3. Be good enough to let me know when you will return from your holiday.

　　4. Be kind enough to come and help me to study English.

　　[注1] 句型60, 61可与本句型结合使用，如：1. Will you be back early this evening, please? 2. Will you be kind enough/so kind as to close the door? 3. Would you be so good as to post the letter for me?

　　[注2] 有时可以在这些句型前加上just, 使语气更缓和，如：Just listen to her, please! Just shut the door, will you?

　　建议祈使句

　　句型[Let us/ Let's或Let+第三人称宾语+动词原形+其他]

　　1. Let us know the time of your arrival. 2. Oh, do let us be friends.

　　3. "Let's go."-"yes, let's go." 4. Let's start early, shall we?

　　5. "Shall he come in?"-"let him wait!" 6. Let him have his say.

　　7. "Nature and Nature's laws lay hid in night, god said 'Let Newton be' and all was light.'

　　[注] let可用于句型55，如：Let me see. "Let me alone." "Please let me into the house."

　　句型[Let+宾语+not }+动词原形+其他][Don't let+宾语+动词原形+其他]

　　1. Let us not go. 2. Let's not waste out time arguing about it. 3. Let's not discuss it in class.

　　4. Don't let the fire out. 5. Don't let the children come near the edge.

　　6. Pray (please) don't let us be splitting hairs…, or there'll never be an end of the cause.

　　[注1] 古英语中可采用 "Let not+宾语…"的形式，如：1. Let not success elate you. (=you should not be elated by success.) 2. Let not failure deject you

　　[注2] 以上三种否定式不可用于间接引语中，如：(误)Tell him don't let the fire out.

　　(误)Tell him let the fire not out. (误)Tell him let not the fire out. (正)Tell him not to let the fire out.

　　句型[Suppose/Supposing+主语+谓语(动词原形、过去时)+其他]

　　1. Suppose you ring me up. 2. Supposing we go for a swim.

　　3. Suppose (Supposing) we try to do it my way. 4. Supposing we looked (look) him up today.

　　句型[主语+had better+动词原形+其他]

　　1. We'd better start early. (=It would be better for us to start early.)

　　2. You'd better do as the doctor says and stay in bed.

　　3. You had better go to the fields and have a look. 4. Hadn't you better take an umbrella?

　　[注] 相当于本句型的还有以下二式：1. "…would be well+不定式…" It would be well to start early.

　　2. "…may as well+原形动词…" We may as well go.

　　[附注] 建议祈使句还可以用以下动词来表达

　　1)allow, 如：Allow me, Sir, to introduce you to my fellow-travelers.

　　Pray allow me to detain you for a moment..

　　2) permit, 多用于正式场合，如：Permit me to explain further.

　　Please permit me, on behalf of our school, to extend my heartfelt greetings to you.

　　其次，也可用陈述句来表达这种概念。如：You have to knock before you enter my room.

　　1. You are not to come into my room without knocking.

　　2. You ought to show honor to your teachers. 3. We should be the masters of Science.

　　4. You are to write your name at the top of each sheet of paper.

　　祝愿句

　　句型[Long live+第三人称主语]

　　1. Long live our socialist motherland.

　　2. Long live the great, glorious and correct Communist Party of China.

　　句型[May+第二、三人称主语+动词原形+其他]

　　1. May you return soon! 2. May he never repent this act!

　　3. May you succeed in building up a strong and prosperous country!

　　4. May our two peoples achieve even greater successes in our socialist construction!

　　[注] 句型69，70可结合使用。如：Long may she live to enjoy her good fortune!

　　有时可用might代替may, 如：Rather might they live in friendship for the future!

　　句型[(祝愿内容)名词+to+名词或代词(被祝愿对象)]

　　1. Eternal glory to the people's heroes! 2. Solute to you! 3. Success to you!

　　4. A long life to you! 5. A toast to our friendship! 6. A happy journey to you! 7. Good luck to you!

　　句型[If only/But+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他]

　　1. If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes!

　　2. If only I had known then what I knew long afterwards!

　　3. Ah, if only it had life and movement! 4. If I could only get something to do.

　　句型[Oh/ O/ Ah)名词+that+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他][Oh/ O/ Ah)名词+to be+表语+其他]

　　[Oh/ O/ Ah)名词+虚拟式谓语+主语+其他]

　　1. Oh! That she could come back to life again! 2. O that he were alive and could see the fruits of his labor.

　　3. Ah, that I had but known! 4. O that I had listened to him! 5. Oh, to be in England now that April's there! 6. O to be a boy again! 7. O were he only here! 8. O had I wings!

　　句型[Be+主语+表语+其他]/[表语+Be+主语+其他]

　　1. Be his banner unconquered, resistless his spear.

　　2. Be ours a happy meeting! 3. Light be her heart and gay her merry eyes!

　　4. So be it! (=So may it be! =Be it so!)

　　5. "Good friend for Jesus' sake, forbear

　　To dig the dust enclosed here,

　　Blessed be he that spares these stones

　　And curst be he that moves my bones." (Epitaph written by Shakespeare)

　　句型[Would (that)+主语+虚拟式谓语+其他]

　　1. Would (that) it were otherwise! 2. Would that they were safe home again!

　　3. Would you were with us! (= I wish you were with us!) 4. Would I were a scientist!

　　5. Would (that) I were young again. 6. Would I were as strong as you.

　　[注] 口语中还有各种表示祝愿的说法，如：Good morning! A Happy New Year! A Happy Holiday! Happy journey! Many happy returns (of the day)! Good luck in everything! My best wishes to you!

　　揭示句

　　句型 [ No+动名词或名词!]/ [(修饰语)+名词]

　　1. No Smoking! 2. No Parking Here! 3. No Scribbling (on the wall)! 4. No Passage!

　　2. No Admittance! 6. No Admittance except on business. 7. No Spitting! 8. No Talking!

　　9. No Thoroughfare. 10. No Bill (或 Post No Bill). 11. Not to Be Taken Away!

　　12. Order! 13. Interval - 10 Min. 14. The End. 15. Night Bell. 16. Holiday.

　　17. Poison! 18. Danger! 19. High Tension! 20. Attention! (或Look out!)

　　[注] 这种句型还可以用副词，形容词，分词，动词，词组或句子来表达，如：Slow; Keep Right;

　　Hands off; Wet Paint; Beware of Fire; Upstairs; Downstairs; Push; Pull; Children not Allowed; Engaged; Full, All Full; Time's over; Entrance; Exit; Way out等。

　　口号口令式祈使句

　　句型[副词虚助词+with+名词(或代词)]

　　1. Down with the slave mentality! Bury dogmatism!

　　2. Away with superstition and emancipate the mind.

　　3. Down with the landlords! 4. Up with the poor! 5. Up with it! 6. In with you! 7. Out with it!

　　8. Off with your hat. 9. Off with their heads! 10. On with your shoes!

　　句型[名词+副词虚助词!] [副词或比较级副词!]

　　1. Hands up! 2. Hands off! 3. Skates off! 4. Forward to new victories! 5. Louder! 6. Higher!

　　7. "Forward, men, forward" cries Pakenham. 8. "Away!-away!" cried she wildly.

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