托福阅读题型介绍：词汇题
导语：托福阅读考试中的词汇题是新托福阅读考试每次必考题型，托福阅读词汇题目的让考生熟知文章中个别单词或短语的具体意思，所以考生理解单词的意思必须符合原文的意思。一般说来，题目中涉及到的单词或短语对于文章的理解或者重要的部分起到至关重要的作用。以下是小编为大家精心整理的托福阅读题型介绍，欢迎大家阅读参考!
如何识别此类问题
词汇类问题很容易辨认，在文章中被考到的单词或短语会被用阴影标识出来，问题的提问形式通常为：
☆ In thecase of a word， the question might be :
The word Xin the passage is closest in meaning to
☆ In thecase of a phrase， the question might be :
In stating X， the author means that
The phrase Xin the passage is closest in meaning to
其中，以第一种形式，也就是考察考生某单词在文章上下文中意思的问题类型最为常见。
如何答题
1. 在文章中定位到阴影标识的单词或短语。
2. 仔细阅读该词或短语所在句子。
3. 在句子中寻找可以帮助理解阴影标识的单词或短语的具体意思的线索。
4. 选择答案，并将所选择的单词或短语放入原文进行检验，以确认这个句子在全文中仍是有意义的。
提醒考生注意，选择答案时，不要仅仅因为某个选项符合该单词的某一个正确意思就将其作为正确选项;题目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了那一个词义。
如何利用各种线索
☆ 结构线索(即指明句子中各成分之间关系的特定单词、短语和语法结构)
1. 对比
Example: OG Practice Set 5， question 6
Passage 5:In this newly emerging economic order， workerssometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life.Craftworkers such as carpenters and tailors formed unions and in 1834individual unions came together in the National Trades’Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panicof 1837， but in the depression that followed， labor’s strength collapsed…
The phrasegathered some momentum in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ madeprogress
○ becameactive
○ causedchanges
○ combinedforces
解析：单词readily所在的文章句子中出现转折词but，根据文章中but后面的内容我们可以得出短语gathered some momentum在此句中的.的意思为made progress。
2. 例子
Example: OG Practice Set 4， question 10
Passage 8:One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events triggerunpleasant feelings. These feelings in turn， can leadto aggressive action， but not automatically. Cognitivefactors intervene. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not onother people’s motives. Supporting evidence comes fromresearch showing that aggressive people often distort other people’s motives. For example， they assume thatother people mean them harm when they do not.
The worddistort in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ mistrust
○misinterpret
○ criticize
○ resent
解析：distort所在的文章句子后出现“ for example”， 根据for example 中的内容，我们可以得出distort在此句中的意思为misinterpret。
3. 并列信息
Example: OG Practice Set 5， question 3
Passage 3: …Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and since work wasspecialized， disrupted the regular factory routine.Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work wasorganized; it transformed the very nature of work.
The worddisrupted in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ prolonged
○established
○ followed
○ upset
解析：disrupt 在的文章句子中出现and连接的并列信息hurt，根据这一并列信息，我们可以得出disrupt在此句中的意思为upset。
4. 因果关系
Example: OG Practice Set 6， question 1
Passage 1: …Feeding， courtship，preproduction， and even “rest” are carried out while in constant motion. As a result， practically every aspect of the body form and function of theseswimming “machines” is adaptedto enhance their ability to swim.
The word enhancein the passage is closest in meaning to
○ use
○ improve
○ counteract
○ balance
解析：enhance 在的文章句子中出现表示因果关系的短语as a result，根据前一句中的原因，我们可以得出enhance在此句中的意思为improve。
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