短英语阅读及翻译
导语：想要提高英语的阅读能力，不妨来看看小编跟大家分享的英语阅读短文及翻译，积累一些英语阅读量，进而提高自己的阅读能力!
【思维的飞跃】
You’ve had a problem, you’ve thought about it till you were tired,forgotten it and perhaps slept on it, and then flash!When you weren’t thinking about it suddenly the answer has come to you, as a gift from thegods.
Of course all ideas don’t come like that, but the interesting thing is that so many do,particularly the most important ones.They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery.Psychology does not yet understand even the ordinary processes of conscious thought,but the emergence ofnew ideas by a “leap in thought” is particularly intriguing,because they must have come from somewhere.For the moment let us assume that they come from the “unconscious”.This is reasonable, for the psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the subject,and creative thought consists precisely in what was unknown becoming known.
It seems that all truly creative activity depends in some degree on these signals from the unconscious,andthe more highly intuitive the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.
But growth requires a seed,and the heart of the creative process lies in the production of the original fertile nucleus from which growth can proceed.This initial step in all creation consists in the establishment of a new unity from disparate elements, oforder out of disorder, of shape from what was formless. The mind achieves this by the plastic reshaping, so as to form a new unit, of a selection of the separate elements derived from experience and stored in memory. Intuitions arise from richly unified experience.
This process of the establishment of new form must occur in pattern of nervous activity in the brain, lying below the threshold of consciousness, which interact and combine to form more comprehensive patterns. Experimental physiology has not yet identified this process, for its methods are as yet insufficiently refined,but it may be significant that a quarter of the total bodily consumption of energy during sleep goes tothe brain, even when the sense organs are at rest, to maintain the activity of ten million brain cells. These cells, acting together as a single organ, achieve the miracle of the production of new patterns of thought.No calculating machine can do that, for such machines can “only do what we know how to design them to do”, and these formative brain processes obey laws which are still unknown.
Can any practical conclusions be drawn from the experience of genius? Is there an art of thought for the ordinary person? Certainly there is no single road to success; in the world of the imagination each has to find his own way to use his own gift.
你遇到了一个难题,为其绞尽脑汁，直至精疲力竭，将它置之脑后,或许带養疑虑进入梦乡。然而，忽然之间灵光一闪，当你没在思考这一问题时，答案如同天赐神助一般，突然出现在你的脑子里。
当然，并非所有的妙想都是这样得来，可有趣的是，许多想 法，特别是那些至关重要的想法都是这样产生的。它们倏忽之 间闯入脑海，散发着独创的光热。它们的形成过程是一个谜。 心理学迄今甚至连普通的有意识思维过程都没有研究清楚，但 是依靠"思想的火花”产生创见的现象还是让人特别感兴趣，因 为这种创见必定有个出处。我们暂且假定它们来自于“潜意 识"。这也是有道理的，因为心理学家们利用这个术语来描述对 于未知研究对象的心理过程，而创造性思维正是在于认清未曾 认识到的东西。
在某种程度上,所有真正的创造性活动似乎都取决于这些 来自潜意识的信号，并且，一个人的直觉愈加强烈，这些信号就愈加鲜明，愈加富有戏剧性。
可是萌芽生长需要种子，而创造过程的核心也在于形成最 初的丰实的胚胎，使成长得以进行。所有创造的第一步，均在于 把没有联系的因素重新结合，将无序变成有序，将无形变成有 形。要做到这一点，大脑就要选择从经验中得到的或者存储于 记忆之中的互无关联的因素，并加以整理重塑，以形成新的统一 体。直觉来源于丰富的系统化的经验。
这种新形式的形成过程只能出现在大脑神经活动模式之中，处子意识范围的开端，相互作用又相互融合，而形成更加复 杂的模式。实验生理学还无法识别这一过程，原因是其实验方法仍不够完善。可或许值得注意的是，人在睡眠的时候，尽管感 觉器官处于休息状态，但是所有体能消耗的四分之一却用于大 脑，以维持其上百亿个脑细胞的活动。这些共同运作的脑细胞 创造了产生思维新模式的奇迹。计算机不能做到这一点，因为它们“只能按照我们的设计力所能及的方式运行”，而那些具有建构能力的大脑活动过程遵循的却是我们所未知的规律。
从天才们的经验中，我们能得到任何实际的结论吗?有没有适用于普通人的思维艺术?成功之路不止一条。在一个提倡 想像力的世界中，每个人都要找到发挥自己天分的道路。
【美国人的性格】
Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm.They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others.They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make up their own minds.They are prepared to take the initiative, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily.They will take any sort of job anywhere rather than be unemployed.They do not care to be looked after by the government.The average American changes his or her job nine or ten times during his or her working life.
Americans have a warmth and friendliness which is less superficial than many foreigners think.They are considered sentimental. When on ceremonial occasions they see a flag,or attend parades celebrating America’ glorious past, tears may come to their eyes.Reunions with family and friends tend to be emotional, too.They like to dress correctly, even if “correctly” means flamboyantly.They love to boast, though often with tongue in cheek.They can laugh at themselves and their country, and they can be very self-critical,while remaining always intensely patriotic. They have a wide knowledge of everyday things,and a keen interest in their particular city and state. Foreigners sometimes complain, however, that they have little interest inor knowledge of the outside world.
The Americans have a passion for grandeur. Their skyscrapers, bridges and dams often have a splendor whichmatches in beauty and scale the country’s natural wonders.Is the sole aim of most Americans to make moneyand possess luxuries which could be called excessive?The majority of Americans would certainly deny this,though most feel proud to amass wealth and possessions through hard work.In the USA, about 90% of the population is well enough off to expect a brighter future. The USA still has one of the highest standards of living in the world, although,at the present time, 10% are below what the Government considers to be the “poverty line.”While these underprivileged people receive help from the Government,they have no high hopes for their future.It is from this “underclass,”and those who take advantage of it, that most of the violence springs,which is one of the least pleasant aspects of American society.Americans are beginning to realize that this terrible problem of poverty is their problem and not just the Government’s.It has been saidthat the individual American is generous, but that the American nation is hard.
The USA is reputed to be a classless society.There is certainly not much social snobbery or job snobbery.The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company.This is partly explained by the fact that people of all income groups go together to the same schools.Americans are far more race-conscious than they are class-conscious.
大多数的美国人精力充沛，热情高涨。他们宁愿自律，而不愿受制于人。他们为能独立行事、为有权做出自己的决定 而感到自豪。他们做事会采取主动，即使这样做要冒风险，也在所不惜。他们有勇气，不会轻易屈服。他们愿意到任何地方干任何工作，也不愿意失业。他们不想得到政府的照顾。普通美国人一生中换九到十次工作。
笑国人热情友好，其友好程度要比许多外国人所想的更真实一些。人们认为美国人易动感情。在典礼上看到国旗，或者参加庆祝美国光荣历史的游行时，美国人可能会热泪盈眶。与家人团圆或与朋友相聚时，他们也会十分激动。他们喜欢穿着得体，即使"得体”无异子奢华炫耀。他们喜欢自吹自擂，尽管多数情况下只不过是说说而已。他们有时会嘲笑自己、嘲笑自 己的`国家，有时候甚至极为自责，然而他们始终有着强烈的爱国之心。他们对曰常事情所知甚广，对自己所在的城市和州深为关切。然而，有时候外国人却抱怨说，美国人对外部世界漠不关心，一无所知。
美国人酷爱豪华的气派。他们的庳天大楼、桥梁和水坝往往气势壮观，与美国的自然奇观之壮美和恢宏相得益彰。赚钱和拥有称得上过多的奢侈品，是不是大多数美国人惟一的目标?多数美国人肯定会予以否认，虽然他们对通过辛勘劳动积撗钱财引以为豪。在美国,90%左右的人们生话寓足，可以期盼更美好的未来。美国的生活水平世界上依然名列前茅，尽管现在还有10%左右的人处在政府认为的贫困线”以下。这些生活水平低下的人们虽然得到政府的救助，但是他们对未来不抱多大希望。正是这个“社会下层阶级”以及利用这个阶层的人引发了社会上的大多数暴乱，使之成为美国社会中最令人不快的一面。美国人开始意识到，这个非常严重的问题是他们自身的问 题,而不仅仅是政府的问题。有这样的说法：美国入作为个人是慊慨的，但美国作为一个民族则是吝啬的。
人们普遍认为，美国是个没有阶级的社会。的确，美国人对社会地位或不同工作没有什么势利眼。体力劳动者在任何场合通常都相当自在。收入档次不同的人上同一所学校，这个事实多少说明了这一点。与其说美国人有阶级意识，倒不如说他们有种族意识。
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