六年级下学期英语常用词汇
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一、名词复数规则
1. 一般情况下，直接加-s，
如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2. 以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，
如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3. 以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，
如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4. 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，
如：knife-knives Leaf——leaves
5.不规则名词复数：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,
child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
补充：photos 因为photo是photograph的简写。 复数是photographs，简写是photos。 photo 不同于以o 结尾的词，不能套用o 结尾的词的复数变化方法
名词的复数形式通常是在单数名词后加s：
day，days天，白天
dog，dogs狗
house，houses房屋论坛
在词尾p，k或f音之后加的s读为/s/。除此之外s读/z/。词尾是ce，ge，se或ze的词之后加s时，该词的读音要加上一个音节(/Iz/)。
其他复数形式
1、以字母o，ch，sh，ss或x结尾的单词，在词尾加es构成其复数：tomato，tomatoes西红柿 brush， brushes刷子
church，churches教堂
kiss，kisses吻
box，boxes箱，盒
但以字母o结尾的外来词或缩写词的复数形式是只加s：dynamo，dynamos发电机
kilo，kilos公斤
kimono，kimonos和服
photo，photos照片
piano，pianos钢琴
soprano，sopranos女高音歌手
词尾是ch，sh，ss或x的词后面加es时，该词的读音要加上一个音节(/Iz/)。
2、 以y结尾但y前为辅音的名词在构成复数时，先把y去掉再加ies：
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baby，babies婴儿
country，countries国家
fly，flies苍蝇
lady，ladies女士
以y结尾但y前为元音的名词在构成复数时，直接加s：boy，boys男孩
day，days天
donkey，donkeys驴子
guy，guys家伙
3、 有12个以f或fe结尾的名词在构成复数时，去掉f或fe加ves。这些词是：
calf小牛
half半
knife刀
leaf叶子
life生命
self自身
thief贼
wife妻子
wolf狼
例如：
loaf，loaves
wife，wives
wolf，wolves
4、 有些名词用改变无音的方法来构成其复数形式：
foot，feet，英尺，脚
man，men男人
mouse， mice老鼠
tooth，teeth牙齿
woman，women女人
但是，child的复数是children
5、 名词fish通常没有复数形式，虽然有fishes这一形式，但不常用。
deer(鹿)和sheep(羊)没有复数形式：
6、集合名词如crew，family，team等用单数或复数动词都可以;如果认为这个词表示的是一个群体或单位，可用单数动词：
Our team is the best.
我们这个队是最好的。
如果认为它表示的是这个队的所有成员，就用复数动词：
Our team are wearing their new jerseys.
我们这个队的队员们都穿着新运动衫。
写出下列各词的`复数
I ( we ) him ( them ) this ( these ) her ( their )
watch ( watches ) child ( children ) photo (photographs / photos ) diary (diaries )
day ( days ) foot ( feet ) book ( books ) dress ()
tooth ( teeth ) sheep ( sheep )
man ( men ) woman ( women )
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二、一般现在时
一般现在时基本用法介绍
【No. 1】一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词：主语 be(am,is,are) 其它。如：
I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词：主语 行为动词( 其它)。如：
We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加
【No. 2】一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。
否定句：主语 be not 其它。
如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句：Be 主语 其它。
如：-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
非凡疑问句：疑问词 一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
否定句：主语 don't( doesn't ) 动词原形( 其它)。如：
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：
He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句：Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如：
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
动词 s的变化规则
1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
一般现在时用法专练:
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
wash_______
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二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. -What day _______(be) it today?
- It’s Saturday
三、现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be 动词ing.
3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
5.动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3.假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
现在进行时专项练习：
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
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3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
四、将来时理论及练习
一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year„),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本结构：①be going to do; ②will do.
三、否定句：在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。 例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、同义句：be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习：
填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2.我们将要学习英语
We _____ _______ _________ learn English.
We ________ learn English.
五、一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)
3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句：didn’t 动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
动词过去式变化规则：
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：work__-worked , cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d，如：live____lived
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母 y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式：
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am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat
过去时练习
写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________ put ______
kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be动词的过去时练习(1)
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
一、 用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
一、用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
行为动词的过去时练习(2)
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
一、用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
六、人称代词和物主代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
I me my mine
you you youryours
he him his his
she her her hers
itit its its
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we us our ours
they them theirtheirs
习题
一.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
二、用am, is, are 填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they?
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