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英语学习方法吧英语作为一门语言

时间：2021-01-10 19:25:37 英语学习方法我要投稿

英语学习方法吧英语作为一门语言

　　英语学习方法吧英语作为一门语言

英语学习方法吧英语作为一门语言

　　除了课堂上的学习外，平时的积累与练习也是学生提高成绩的重要途径，本文为大家提供了英语学习方法：把英语作为一门语言，祝大家阅读愉快。

　　首先，不要当成学英语，要当成操练英语。学习英语应该了解语言知识，但不下苦功在听、说、读、写上练习，仅靠死记硬背一些孤立的单词、一些语法条条，是很难掌握英语的。学习英语既然是练功夫的过程，就并不是那么轻松。要不怕困难，持之以恒。要记住，应该是Learning English 而不是Learning about English。这就像学游泳、跳芭蕾舞一样，对其理论掌握再好，不通过反复训练是永远也学不会的。

　　其次，学语言的顺序应是听、说、写。

　　语音是学习英语的第一关。要注意训练自己听音、辩音和模仿的能力。课堂上，专心听老师的发音和磁带上的录音，争取当堂学会。对于那些比较拗口的单词、短语或句子，课下一定要挤时间反复模仿，直到读准、读熟为止。平时要多开口，经常大声朗读和对话。

　　再次，要训练自己的英语思维。英语和汉语是两种不同的语言系统。如英语语音中的短元音、辅音连缀，以摩擦音、破擦音收尾音节等在汉语中都没有。英语有形态变化，如名词复数变化、动词时态变化等，而汉语基本上没有。英语语法和句子结构同汉语也存在着一些差异。中学生的汉语习惯已相当牢固，对英语学习有一定的干扰作用。要学好英语，就要注意英语和汉语的区别。一旦通过大量的阅读，养成用英语思维的习惯，并产生英语语感，就会逐步减少犯“中国式英语”的错误的机会。这就要求我们要在掌握听说读写时，还要学会用英语的思维方式。平时要常问问自己：这层意思或这个事物用英语该怎么表达?在这种场合或情景下，“老外”会说写什么话?带着这类问题去读书，去请教他人，就能“立竿见影”。

　　本文就是为大家整理的英语学习方法：把英语作为一门语言，希望能为大家的学习带来帮助，不断进步，取得优异的成绩。

　　高三英语教案 Mainly Revision

　　教案 Mainly Revision

　　教学目标

　　一、熟练读写能够运用下面的词汇：

　　flat, silly, downtown, tail, standard, postman, mailbox, sex, high; department store, keep up, show off, high-rise block

　　二、学会运用及掌握如下句型：

　　1.1 suggest(ed) you (should) do. . .

　　2. It’s much +比较级+ to do. . . than to do. . .

　　3. This helps to keep the cold out.

　　4. It’s a different matter for sth.

　　5. Hibernation is more than sleep. 6. The squirrel was usually described as a good animal.

　　三、系统归纳准确熟练运用Unit 7～Unit 11 出现过的重点项目，重点构词法，不定式的用法和动词时态及间接引语。另外Unit 7 ～Unit 11 出现过的日常交际用语，归纳有关建议的各种句型

　　四、灵活运用交际用语：

　　You’d better( not)... You should/ought to. . .

　　You need (to). . . You could...

　　I suggest you (should). Shall we. . . ?

　　Let's... . What/How about. . . ?

　　Why not. . . ? Why don't we / you. . . ?

　　教学建议

　　教学教法：

　　本单元日常交际用语的重点是让掌握向他人提出建议和忠告的方式。第45课第二部分已给出的短语和句型足以满足在实际阅读及写作中的需要，因此应从熟练运用的角度对进行指导和要求。例如清楚区分每种句型和表达的准确含义及用法，搭配。可以要求学生做适当的句式转换练习，造句练习等。

　　2.本单元阅读文章为有关冬眠的科普短文。从文章所用语言来看，较为平易，浅显，然而其中也有因阐明事理的需要而出现的长句，难句，教师要对此进行专门的分析，讲解。此外，教师还可以从爱好(如养小动物)及爱护动物的角度适度扩展与课文相关的内容，来达到了解掌握科学知识并能够学以致用的目的。

　　词语辨析：

　　1.weather和climate

　　weather 意为“天气”，为不可数名词，不能在前面加不定冠词，如我们只能说in such fine weather , 而不能说in such a fine weather。如：

　　The weather has changed. 天气变了。

　　【注意】weather前虽不可加不定冠词，但在表示“各种各样的天气”，或“不论哪种天气”时，weather用复数。如：

　　She goes out in all weathers.

　　weather 指某特定地区在一定时间的气象情况。

　　climate 指一般比较长的时间，如一季的天气状况。

　　A drier climate would be good for her health.气候干燥的地区会对他的有益。

　　2.cause 和reason

　　cause 用作及物动词，意为“引起、使产生、给……带来。”例如：

　　What caused the accident?

　　是什么引起这个事故的?

　　cause 用作名词，意为“原因，理由”。例如：

　　Carelessness is the usual cause of fire.

　　造成火灾的原因通常是不谨慎。

　　cause 是造成一种事实或现象的“原因”，

　　Heat is the cause of the expansion of matter.热是物体膨胀的原因。

　　reason 是说明一种看法或行为的“理由”。例如：

　　You must tell him the reason why you won’t accept his offer.

　　你必须告诉他你为何拒绝他的提议。

　　3.deep, deeply

　　deep可作形容词，表示“深的”，又可作副词，表示“深深地”。这里是具体意义的“深”。

　　The river is very deep here. (deep是形容词)

　　He pushed his stick deep into the mud. (deep是副词)

　　在一些固定的搭配中使用deep, 尤其在介词词组前。如：

　　be deep in debt 债台高筑

　　be deep in thought 深入沉思

　　do sth. deep into the night 一直做到深夜

　　deeply是deep后缀-ly构成副词, 使用时一般具有抽象含义，意为“深深地，深厚地，深切地”。如：

　　We are deeply grateful for your help. 我们非常感谢你的帮助。

　　4.fly away 与fly off

　　1)它们俩都可表示“匆匆离去(飞去)”之意，但有一些差别。fly away距离较远，而fly off指距离较近。

　　Then they flew away into their hiding place.

　　后来他们窜回到他们躲藏的地方去了。

　　When he was driving very fast, one of the wheels of his wagon flew off.

　　他正把车开得飞快，一只轮子突然脱落了。

　　2)away是副词，off既可作副词，也可作介词。off后可跟宾语，away后则不可。如：

　　The bird shook its tail and flew away. 那只鸟摇着尾巴飞走了。

　　【注意】把动词keep, run, walk, move等后面加上away或off, 其区别与上述所谈类似。如：

　　What kept you away last Sunday? 上星期日你为什么没来?

　　Keep off the grass! 勿踏草地!

　　Lesson 46 教学设计方案(一)

　　Step 1 Lead – in

　　(Show some pictures to attract the Ss’ interests about the text.)

　　Step 2 Reading:

　　A.Ask the Ss to do some “True or False” exercises

　　1. Some birds will fly away to the south when the weather turns cold; some animals hibernate in the cold wather.(True)

　　2. Animals hibernate only in the earth. (False)

　　3. None of the warm-blooded animals need to hibernate because they lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in very cold weather. (True)

　　4. A hibernating animal does not breathe and cannot feel any pain. (False)

　　B.Questions and answers:

　　1. Why don’t some warm-blooded animals hibernate in the winter?

　　(lead an active life, keep up, normal body temperature)

　　2. Why do cold-blooded animals hibernate?

　　(When the air temperature, below freezing, body temperature, drop, cannot move about; almost no food in the winter)

　　3. How would you recognize that an animal is hibernating?

　　C.Reading comprehension:

　　1.The text mainly tells us that ________.

　　A .hibernation is more than sleep

　　B. warm-blooded animals will do things different from cold-blooded animals in winter

　　C. some animals live through the winter by hibernation or half-hibernation

　　D. animals use different ways to protect themselves against the cold (key: C)

　　2. Why do some animals sleep under the snow?

　　A. Because they prefer the cold air in the snow.

　　B. Because the air in loose snow will help to keep the cold out.

　　C. Because they can adjust(调节)their body temperature there to fit for the cold weather.

　　D. Because they are warm-blooded animals. (key: B)

　　3. Which sentence carries the main idea of the second paragraph?

　　A. Sentence 1. B. Sentence 2. C. Sentence 3. D. Sentence 4. (key: A)

　　4. Why can the wolf keep awake in winter?

　　A. Because it is a cold-blooded animal.

　　B Because it prefers moving by nature.

　　C. Because it can keep up its normal body temperature even in cold weather.

　　D. Because it has to go hunting as a result of lack of food for the winter. (key: C)

　　5. Why do frogs go to sleep under the mud in winter?

　　A. Because they can escape from their enemies under the mud and the air there will keep the cold out.

　　B. Because the air under the mud will keep the cold out and it is comfortable there.

　　C. Because they feel comfortable there and they can get food easily.

　　D. Because they have enough to eat there . (key: D)

　　6. We will know an animal is hibernating if _______

　　A. it touches cold and is breathing very slowly

　　B. it is sensitive to pain

　　C. its temperature drops to below zero centigrade

　　D. it does not move (key: A)

　　7. Why can a hibernating animal manage to live through the winter?

　　A. Because it hardly makes any movement and breathes very slowly and it has enough fat stored in its body.

　　B. Because it has already stored supplies of fat in its body.

　　C. Because it will not use energy while sleeping since they never make any movement then.

　　D. Because it doesn’t breathe at all. (key: A)

　　8.Why does the bear stop hibernating on warm winter days?

　　A. Because the warmth makes it think the winter has gone.

　　B. Because it has to eat some food for the next long sleep.

　　C. Because it feels cold and wants to warm itself up on warm winter days.

　　D. Because it is going to hunt something on warm winter days. (key: A)

　　9. Why does a squirrel hide nuts before the beginning of winter?

　　A. Because it will eat a lot in winter to keep warm.

　　B. Because it is hard to find food in winter.

　　C. Because it needs to eat a lot to hibernate.

　　D. Because it needs nuts to fight against its enemies. (key: B)

　　10. We human beings are able to keep the cold out because ________

　　A. we are warm-blooded

　　B. we are clever enough to build houses and to wear clothes

　　C. we are cold-blooded, and we do not need to hibernate

　　D. for human beings, hibernation will use more energy (key: A)

　　Step3:language points:

　　本单元重点句型

　　(1)Hibernation is more than sleep.

　　(2)People who find hibernating animals asleep often think that they are dead.

　　(3)You can touch it, or even pull its tail, without causing it to move or wake up.

　　(4)Hibernating in that way, the animals can sleep all through the winter.

　　(5) The second is connected with the main use the body makes of food—to supply the energy for movements.

　　(6) We have seen that hibernating animal reduces movements to far below the ordinary level.

　　(7) The animal hardly makes any movement, hardly uses any energy, and hardly needs any food.

　　(8)Some animals, including some bears, only half-hibernate.

　　难句解析：

　　1.They go to sleep in all kinds of places.它们到各种各样的地方去睡觉。

　　go to sleep，fall asleep与sleep，这三个词(组)都有“睡着”之意。go to sleep意思是“睡着，去睡觉”，fall asleep意思是“睡着了，酣睡”，它们都表瞬间动作，如表持续性动作或延续性状态，要用动词sleep。e.g.

　　①I found it very difficult to go to sleep.我发现很难人睡。

　　②Soon he fell asleep，for he was very tired.他很累，很快就睡着了。

　　③we have slept(for) eight hours.我们已睡了八个小时。

　　2.They lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in very cold winter weather.

　　他们生活得很活跃，即使在严寒的冬天也能保持正常的体温。

　　习惯用法

　　(2)keep up保持，维持，继续，e.g.

　　① Let s hope the sunny weather keeps up for Saturday s tennis match.

　　但愿星期六网球比赛时还是这样的好天气。

　　②We。Are having difficulty keeping up。our。mortgage payments.我们难以继续支付分期偿还的抵押货款。

　　③If you want to be a performer，you 11 have to keep up your piano.如果你真想成为演奏家，就得坚持练习钢琴.

　　3.Then it as no choice but to lie down and sleep.于是，别无选择，它们只好躺下睡觉。

　　have no choice but to do表“别无选择”之意。e.g.

　　Have I any choice but to do as you tell me? 除了按你吩咐的去做外，我还有别的选择吗?

　　表示“别无选择只好做……”之意，除了可用 have no choice but to do…来表达外，还可用下列固定搭配：

　　(l)can do nothing but do/can not do anything but do，e.g.

　　I can do nothing but accept his demand.我只好接受他的要求。

　　(2)there is nothing left to do but do…，e.g.

　　There was nothing left for her to do but cry.她别无它法，只有哭。

　　(3)can’t but do…，e.g.

　　I could not but admit that he was right and。I was wrong.我不得不承认他对了，我错了。

　　疑难点拨：

　　1.Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡眠。

　　句中的more than相当于 not only。意为“不仅仅”。e.g.

　　He is。more a teacher.He is a good friend of mine。他不只是，还是我的益友。

　　2.People who find hibernating animals asleep often think that they are dead..人们看到处于冬眠状态的动物，常常以为它们死了。

　　这是一个复合句。

　　(l)who-clause是定语从句修饰people，that-clause是宾语从句作think的宾语。

　　(2)asleep是表语形容词，在句中一般只作表语，宾补，或后置定语，这样的形容词还有alive，alike，alone，awake等。

　　3.You can touch it, or even pull its tail without causing it to move or wake up. 你可以摸它，甚至可以拉它的尾巴，这也不会使它动一动或醒过来。

　　这个句子可改写成：Even if you touch it or pull its tail，you can’t cause it move or wake up.

　　4. Hibernating in that way, the animal can sleep all through the winter.

　　用那种方式冬眠，动物可以睡过整过冬天。

　　句中的 hibernating in that way是现在分词短语在句中作状语，相当于as they hibernate in that way。

　　5.We have seen that hibernating animal reduces movements to far below the ordinary level..

　　冬眠动物的活动量减少到远远低于一般水平。

　　(1)句中的 far below意为“远远低于，比……低得多”。e.g.

　　In winter the temperature of Harbin is far below that of Wuhan.

　　冬天哈尔滨的气温比武汉的低得多。

　　(2)句中的reduce..to作“减少，使处于……状态”解。e.g 高一.

　　① The house was reduced to ashes by the big fire.那场大火把屋子化为灰烬。

　　②The man was reduced to begging for food.那男人沦落到讨饭的地步。

　　2016年高考英语语法题解题技巧

　　[导读]我们就可以根据历年测的分布，合理分配的时间。因此我们在时，就要在重点项目上多花时间，在非重点项目少花时间。

　　2005年——2010年上海市语法题考点统计表

　　从上述 “2005年—2010年上海市高考英语语法题统计表”上可以看出语法测试的重点是动词，6次高考共测试36题，平均每次高考测试6题;其次是状语从句有10题;名词性从句有10题;形容词与副词有7题;而冠词与数词、虚拟语气为最少。由此我们就可以根据历年语法测试题的分布，合理分配语法复习的时间。因此我们在复习时，就要在重点项目上多花时间，在非重点项目少花时间。再如，在复习非谓语动词时，哪些动词后可以跟动词不定式作宾语，哪些动词后可以跟动名词作宾语，要把常用的动词进行分类，然后背诵;在复习动词不定式作宾补时，我们也可以进行分类，如：feel, hear, listento, make, let, have, see, look at,watch, notice, observe等，这些动词后面动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to：I often hear him sing the song.Don’tforget to have him come. He sat lis-tening to her climb the stairs。各有不同，但目的只有一个，抓住重点，提高。

　　2、把握考点提高

　　考点：语法注重对题干语境的理解和语法形式的掌握。

　　高考英语语法测试呈现两大特点：一是基础性，基础测试面广，覆盖了词法、句法的基本点;二是语法试题更呈现语境化，选用的题干语句上下文情景清晰，易于理解。我们分析前几年的高考语法题，测试的内容都是最基础的，且题目难度不高。由于一道题对应一个语法点，做题时要同时揣摩通过这题想考哪个知识点，想明白了，题目也就迎刃而解了。如：

　　例 1，At a rough estimate,Nigeria is ______GreatBritain. (05秋)

　　A. three times the size as

　　B. the size three times of

　　C. three times as the sizeof

　　D. three times the size of

　　剖析：本题测试倍数的表达方法。倍数有三种表示法：

　　(1)X times+as+形容词或副词原级+as，如： A is threetimes as large asB。

　　(2)X times+形容词或副词比较级+than，如： A is threetimes larger than B。

　　(3)X times+名词形式，如：A is three times the size ofB。

　　本题用的是第三种表达方法，所以选项D是正确答案。

　　例 2，In an hour, we cantravel to places ____would havetaken our ancestors days toreach。(06秋)

　　A.where B.when

　　C.which D.what

　　评析：本题考查定语从句。根据句意，先行词“places”在定语从句中既是主语，又是不定式短语“to reach”的宾语，应该用关系代词，所以C选项为正确答案。

　　3、讲究方法提高效率

　　在做语法题的时候，我们还可以找到一些方法来快速解题。

　　1)成分补充法

　　我们通过把省去的部分补完整，可以帮助我们更好解整个句子。

　　例1: ——Mum, why do youalwaysmake me eat an egg everyday?

　　—— _________ enough proteinand nutrition as you are growing up。

　　A.Get B.Getting

　　C.To get D.To be getting

　　如果我们把答语补充完整，那么就得到：I alwaysmake you eat anegg every day to get enough proteinand nutrition as you are growing up。这样我们很快就得到答案C。

　　2)句子还原法

　　一些句式还原后就更加清晰明了，也更符合学生的习惯，这样就容易解题了。

　　例1：Mrs Smithwasmuch disap-pointed to see the TV set she hadhad ________wentwrong again。

　　A. It B. it repaired

　　C.Repaired D. to be repaired

　　分析：本题在the TV set后有一个定语从句，还原法是破解定语从句的一个好方法，我们把先行词还原到从句中，从句的结构就明确了：

　　She had had theTV set… 如果我们选用C. repaired,就成了：Shehad had theTV set repaired。

　　很显然这是考核have sth. done的句型，我们很快就能找到答案C。

　　例2： Was everything Jim ___away by the robbers last night?

　　a. taken b. had taken

　　c. owned took d. like to take

　　这个句子把定语从句还原后得：everything that Jim had,然后再还原was得：

　　Everything that Jim hadwas tak-en away by the robbers last night。

　　因此我们很快就找到答案B。

　　3)排除干扰法

　　排除干扰法就是去掉题干中干扰的成分如定语、插入语、从句等，把题干理一理，使得我们看得更清楚。

　　例1： The bell ________the endof the period rang, ________ourheated discussion.A. indicating…interruptingB. indicated…interruptingC. indicating…interruptedD. indicated…interrupted

　　去掉 the end of the period和our heated discussion剩下：

　　The bell…rang，我们看到了一个主谓结构的句子，因此我们就可以判定，前后两个空格都是非谓语的位置，所以很快就可以找到答案A。

　　例2： The strong wind causedthe fire, which obviously had beenset by someone on purpose, _______quickly across the field.A. spreading B. spreadC. to spreading D. to spread

　　如果我们把中间的非限制性定语从句先拿掉，剩下就是：

　　The strong wind caused the fireto spread quickly across the field。

　　这时我们可以看出这个题目的考点是cause sb./sth. to do，所以我们很快就可以判定答案是D。

　　4、不断总结，不断提高

　　我们做任何事，都要不断总结，善于总结，才能不断提高。

　　阶段英语复习更是如此。我在教学过程中曾经让学生把每次练习、测验、中做错的题目抄在一个“错题集”本子上，在题目的右边留一段空白，写上题目的答案、做错的原因和解题思路，经常看看做做，一直到完全掌握为止。

　　实践证明这个方法很有效，同学们也可以试试。除了总结“错题”外，还可以总结词汇。比如我们总结了上海市高考词汇表中以字母a开头的表语形容词，这些形容词只能做表语和后置定语，不能做前置形容词，它们是：afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep,awake, aware。

　　5、把握命题趋势

　　综上所述，同学们应当把语法和词汇复习的重点放在对基本结构和词汇的准确理解和运用上，尤其是要结合交际功能和词汇的复习，掌握在不同的语言情景里选用恰当的语法结构和词汇。

　　同学们要特别注意不要在语法和词汇复习中钻牛角尖，不要超出英语语法的范围对语法项目深挖，不要在有些语法学者和老师们尚有争论的语法现象上花很多时间，不要进行烦琐无谓的近义词辨析，不要不加选择地做过多的语法和词汇练习，要大胆地摈弃那些过于复杂、转弯过多、在真实语言交际中不可能出现的偏题、怪题。

　　总之，要把握高考英语语法和词汇命题的趋势：逐步转向突出基本知识、突出运用、强化情景、体现语法和词汇不脱离语言交际的趋势。同学们要把复习的重点转向广泛阅读，大量接触生动活泼的语言材料，并最终掌握语法和词汇知识。

　　6、读懂题目再下手

　　看不懂的先停一停，先做会做的，先易后难。没有读懂题目，不要轻易下手。比如高中历史，Largemu-seums no longer acceptthat is offered to them, but ac-cept only objects thatmeet theirhigh standards. A. anything B.any C.whatever D. everything这个题目好象很容易，很多同学看一眼，马上选出anything,理由是完全否定，在否定句中用any-thing;如果同学再仔细一些就会确定everything是本题答案，因为大博物馆不是完全不接受ob-jects，而是接受那些符合他们高标准的objects，因此这个句子是部分否定。

　　最后，答题速度要快，一分钟要做2—3题

　　英语作文考场小贴士

　　·遇到不会写的单词怎么办

　　遇到不会的单词时，可以用同义词或近义词代替；选择不同的词性，变化一下句型；当出现了非要使用的单词不会拼写或拼不准时，不要放弃；尽量采用较简单的词和句子结构和句型来表达相近或与主题相关的内容。

　　·作文中的首字母何时大写

　　冠词都不需要大写；字母多于三个的介词、连词首字母要大写；题目的第一个单词；名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、感叹词首字母；大写所有英语中要求大写的单词。如月份、人名、地名等等。

　　·作文字数如何把握

　　在题目要求范围内如果有能力写的稍微多一点，问题不大。如果追求长度，而忘了写那些话是不是真正有意义，是不是真正跟题目相关，那就没有太大价值。

　　·发现跑题如何补救

　　从感觉跑题起写切合题目的内容，通过一些关联词转接过来，让阅卷者知道你真正想表达的内容。比如用一句“刚才谈了那么多高中物理，但是对这个问题真正重要的方面是……”即可补救。

　　·字迹潦草会不会扣分

　　尽量一笔一画写清楚，潦草程度不至于让考官很难判断是没有问题的，但是如果让考官很难判断还是要扣分。

　　·考作文的时间安排

　　写作理想时间是30分钟，最少不能少于20分钟，要有一定的时间限制。

　　高考英语阅读理解专题指导－事实细节题

　　第一讲事实细节题

　　所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案。常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问或用与此相类似的词填空。说明文和叙述文的思考题有相当于部分是此类题）及语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论。）抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：

　　1) When/Where did the story happen?

　　2) Which of the following statements is (not) correct?

　　3) Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?

　　4) Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?

　　5) All the statements are true except.

　　该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。弄清细节、准确获取信息，也是把握文章中心思想的前提。

　　细节专题一：排序题

　　此类的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后对上面的.事实进行排序。要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序以及句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。考生可以先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案。

　　例1：In the 19th century England people liked to go to the seaside. In those days, ladies wore long bathing dresses, and men wore bathing suits. Women did not walk about on the beach(沙滩)in their bathing dresses. They hired a bathing machine. A bathing machine was used for changing in, and for taking the bather down to the sea. It cost 2 pence(便士) to hire a machine and an attendant(侍者). When she had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and got into the bathing machine . Then she changed into her bathing dress. When she had changed, the machine was pulled down to the sea. The bathing machine stoped in the water and the bather went down the front steps into the water. If she did not want to get into the sea, the attendant pulled her in.（1996NMET）

　　①In 19th century people who used the bathing machine usually did the following things. Which is the right order for doing them?

　　a. Changing into bathing clothes b. Getting out of the bathing machine

　　c. Paying 2 pence d. Getting into the bathing machine

　　e. Being taken down the beach f. Getting into the water

　　A. e, d, a, b, f, c B. c, d, a, e, b, f C. c, d, e, a, b, f D. d, a, e, b, f, c

　　[分析]答案B 题目要求找出利用bathing machine游泳的程序，显然，租用一个bathing machine是要先付钱的，所以 c就是第一个动作，下水 f 应该是最后一个动作了。这样用排除法就可以排除 A和 D 项。再看 B和C项，从第一段倒数第三句可知先a后e，故选 B。

　　细节专题二：计算题

　　计算题也是近几年中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案了。

　　例2：Degree

　　We offer a wide choice of bachelor’s degrees (学位) for international students, which includes: Arts, Communication Studies, Social Sciences, etc. Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Education are only for New Zealand citizens, for further information: [emailprotected]

　　Tuition Fees(学费)

　　Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: [emailprotected]

　　Accommodation(住宿)

　　You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc@waikato. ac.nz

　　Health

　　The Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students. The Medical Centre is open five days a week, including student holidays with four doctor's and nurses to meet your medical needs. For further information: [emailprotected]

　　Sports

　　The Centre is a great place to have sports activities. Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active. The sports hall has volleyball, basketball and indoor football courts and a swimming pool as well. There are also a large number of sports clubs at Waikato. For further information: sport@ waikato.ac.nz（2005安徽卷）

　　②You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.

　　A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000

　　[分析]B此题为计算题。我们从所选的这些事实来看，文章中所说的Tuition Fees 每年需要from $5,000 to $6,000，而a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month，一年需要$1200,另外的other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person经过计算可以知道一年需要$1800，加起来一年至少需要$8000。

　　细节专题三：图形题

　　在有图形试题的阅读理解中，有的图形出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图形中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。

　　例3：The Channel Islands are a group of British-owned islands lying in the English Channel(海峡), 10 to 30 miles off the French coast, and 70 to 90 miles from the English coast. There are ten islands with a total land area of 75 square miles and a total population of 123,000. The three largest islands, Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney, have long been known for the fine breeds(品种)of cattle that are raised on them and named after them.

　　In earliest known history the islands were considered part of Normandy, which was part of France, but the ruler of Normandy became king of England in 1066, and from then on the islands were looked upon as British land. English control was unbroken until World War II, when the Germans held the islands for five years.

　　Although people on the islands speak both languages and they are considered English, their customs are more French than English.（2000年北京春季）

　　③Which of the following maps gives the right position of the Channel Islands?

　　Br = Britain Fr = France Ch = Channel Islands

　　[分析]C这是一道识图题。从第一段：The Channel Islands are a group of British-owned islands lying in the English Channel(海峡), 10 to 30 miles off the French coast, and 70 to 90 miles from the English coast.可以推断选项C正确地表达了The Channel Islands的位置

　　细节专题四：其它类型

　　例4：Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510miles southwest of its nearest neighbor, St. Helena, and 1,950miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral（葡萄牙海军上将）of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.

　　Coming in a close second –- and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land － is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.

　　The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.

　　On Easter Sunday, 1772, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today,高中政治, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory （智利领土）. They share on street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day.（2003年全国）

　　④It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha _____________.

　　A．was named after its discoverer B．got its name from Holland settlers

　　C．was named by the British government D．got its name from the Guinness Book of Records

　　[分析]本篇选材涉及，为我们介绍了两座最为偏远的小岛(farthest／most distant inhabited islands)，一为吉尼斯大全(Guinness Book of Records)所认定的Tristan da Cunha；另一为复活岛(Easter lsland)．文中出现了比较多的专有名词．

　　本题问及Tristan da Cunha小岛的命名．如能通过浏览把握本文篇章结构，则可看出，关于该岛的内容都在第1段：运用寻读(SCANNING)技巧可以找到与本题相关的线索 (关键词name)出现在该段结尾句里，通读全句可以得出答案：Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name (as the island)．．．，与选项A一致．[答案] A

　　⑤Which of the following is most famous for moai?

　　A．Tristan da Cunha. B．Pitcairn Island.． C. Easter Island. D．St. Helena.

　　[分析]本题涉及关于moai( = stone figures)的一个细节问题：其所在地．4个选项均为岛名，因此不能依此线索查找．要按题干中所问，从第3段里找到moai所在的岛；但这里仅提到 the island，循此线索往上追寻：(3段结尾)the island = (3段开头)the mountainous 64-squaremile sland = (2段中)Easter lsland，即为答案．[答案] C

　　⑥Which country does Easter Island belong to?

　　A．Britain. B．Holland. C．Portugal. D．Chile.

　　[分析]本题考查复活岛今日的归属问题．题干提问中使用的现在时态也是不容忽视的．问的是“现在”情况，不是过去．第4段中间提到Today，．．．Chilean territory，与答案D吻合．

　　另外3个国家中，有的与此岛并不相干(A．Britain；C．Portugal)；有的则只是上的过客(B．Holland)．最大干扰项为B项．这些误选者显然只注意了短文结尾段中的On Easter Sunday，1722，however，settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name，却忽略了其中的时间因素，同样，也没能对于紧接此后的Today，2，000 people live on the Chilean territory予以足够关注，对于时态变化所传递的信息差异意识不够导致了这些考生在理解上的偏差，因而失误．[答案]D

　　例5：When she looked ahead. Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog. Her body was numb. She had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours. Already she was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions. Now at the age of 34, her goal was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina to the California coast.

　　On that fourth of July morning 1952, the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense. She could hardly see her support boats. Sharks cruised toward her figure, only to be driven away by rifle shots. Against the frigid grip of the sea, she struggled on, hour after hour, while millions watched on national television.

　　Alongside Florence in one of the boats, her mother and here trainer offered encouragement. They told her it wasn’t much farther. But all she could see was fog. They urged her not to quit. She never had… until then. With only a half mile to go, she asked to be pulled out.

　　⑦What does “she never had…”in the third paragraph mean?

　　A. She had never been so desperate. B. She had never thought of giving it up.

　　C. She had never seen such thick fog. D. She had never swum across the strait before.

　　[分析]根据上下文they urged her not to quit,以及with only a half mile to go, she asked to be pulled out. 可以推断出，她当时并没有想放弃，只不过是后来情况变化了。答案：B

　　例6：Decision-thinking is not unlike poker--- it often matters not only what you think , but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think . The mental process（过程） is similar . Naturally , this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are , by any standards , good thinkers .

　　The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory . In particular , he showed that all games fall into two classes ; there are what he called games of ‘perfect information’, games like chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks ; they don't win by chance , but by means of logic and skills . Then there are games of ‘imperfect information’, like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.

　　One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors（因素）, which would ever puzzle best poker players . But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance , and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess , not poker.

　　⑧An important factor in a game of imperfect information is _______.

　　A. rules B. luck C. time D. ideas

　　[分析]短文第二段有这样一段说明：……游戏可分为两类，一种是被称为 “perfect information”的游戏，双方无法隐瞒或进行欺骗，他们不是靠碰巧获胜（ …they don’t win by chance）。另一种则是 “imperfect information”的游戏，如打牌，游戏者不可能预先知道他出的这一道牌是否比另一道好。从作者的这种表达可以推断出，“imperfect information”游戏获胜的一个因素就是运气。因此选B。

　　如何提高英语写作中的语言表达能力？

　　写作在中占着不可忽视的位置。写作主要包括两大方面：一是内容，即写什么；二是表述，即如何用语言把内容表述出来。写作是对语言的积极运用。然而，有些虽然丰富，思路开阔，但是语言表达却显得苍白无力。如何提高英语表达，并非一件易事。

　　1．句子要正确。合乎。要注意汉英两种语言在表达上的差异，避免中国式英语。请比较下面两组句子：

　　1）误：Only this, we can hope to do the work well.

　　正：Only in this way can we hope to do the work well.

　　只有这样，我们才有希望把做好。

　　2）误：It was dark, they had to feel their way upstairs.

　　正：It was dark, so they had to feel their way upstairs.

　　It was so dark that they had to feel their way upstairs.

　　It was dark; they had to feel their way upstairs.

　　As it was dark, they had to feel their way.

　　天太黑，他们不得不摸索上楼。

　　例1）里的“only this”在整个句子里不合乎语法，纯属中国式的英语，而且本句以“only”开头，要用倒装语序。例2）也是按汉语的习惯，两个单句之间不用连词，直接用逗号隔开；而英语则要么有连语；要么用分号或句号隔开。

　　2．用词要正确，注意汉英两种词汇的非完全对应关系。汉语和英语都存在一词多义现象。汉语里的同一个词在英语里有时需用完全不同的词来表示。例如：

　　1）紧张

　　The atmosphere in the room is tense.（室内的气氛紧张。）

　　Water is in great demand in this region.（这个地区用水紧张。）

　　2）坚持

　　He insisted on lending us the money.（他坚持要把钱措给我们。）】

　　He persevered in learning English in face of difficulties.（在困难面前高中政治，他坚持学英语。）

　　例1）中的“in great demand”和“tense”以及例2）中的“insisted on”和“persevered in”是不可互换的。

　　3．用词要恰当、贴切。有些词虽然在英语里是同义词，但也可能存在用法上的区别，如正式与非正式，古老与现代，褒义与贬义等。例如：“resolute”是褒义词，表示“坚定”；而“stubborn”则带有贬义，表示“固执”。“small”和“little”在表示尺寸大小时可以互换，但“little”含有“可爱”的意思。写作时要根据需要，选择合适的词。

　　4．词的搭配要正确。有些词常常在一起使用，形成词的搭配，如定语和中心词的搭配、动词和宾语搭配、介词和宾语的搭配、动词和副词的搭配等。中国学生常常根据汉语的搭配习惯，错误地形成的搭配。例如：

　　1）误：to destroy an appointment

　　正：to break an appointment (毁约)

　　2）误：to understand deeply

　　正：to understand fully / thoroughly (深深地懂得)

　　再比如，汉语中的“微”字和不同的词搭配，在英语里要用不同的词表示。如：

　　微风：gently breeze

　　微云：thin clouds

　　微火：slow fire

　　5．词和句子要富于变化。在写作中表达同一个意思，不一定总要用同一个词，要避免太多重复，尽量用其它适当的词来代替。句子也一样。文章中的句子在主序、结构、长度等方面应当富于变化，可适当使用一些介词和副词词组，动词不定式短语，分词或分词短语。短句和长句，简单句和复合句可交替使用。这样，文章不会显得单调，乏味。但要注意，变化要得当，如果为了变化而变化，文章则会显得矫揉造作、哗众取宠。

　　高三英语下册期中检测试题

　　第 I 卷（选择题共105分）

　　第一部分：听力 (共两节 30分)

　　第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

　　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

　　1. Which restaurant are the speakers most likely to choose?

　　A. French. B. Italian. C. Chinese.

　　2. What does the man mean?

　　A. He’ll go to the park with the woman.

　　B. The weather report is not always true.

　　C. They’d better stay indoors tomorrow.

　　3. What’s most important for the woman?

　　A. Living environment. B. Convenient transportation.

　　C. Job opportunities.

　　4. Why is the man complaining?

　　A. He dislikes filing documents. B. His work is always the same.

　　C. His co-worker was careless.

　　5. How did Adam probably get the football?

　　A. He bought it himself. B. He borrowed it from someone else.

　　C. It was given to him as a birthday gift.

　　第二节（共15小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）

　　听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

　　听第6段材料，回答第6－7题。

　　6. What does the man want the woman to do?

　　A. To attend an art course. B. To paint a portrait of her mother.

　　C. To pay for the portrait.

　　7. How does the woman feel in the end?

　　A. Unconfident. B. Annoyed. C. Excited.

　　听第7段材料，回答第8－10题。

　　8. What does the woman show the man?

　　A. Some clothes. B. A magazine. C. A new store.

　　9. What is the problem with the store?

　　A. The clothes are too expensive. B. The clothes are not the right size.

　　C. The clothes are not available.

　　10. What will happen next Tuesday?

　　A. There will be a party. B. The man can get what he wants.

　　C. The clothes will be delivered to the man.

　　听第8段材料，回答第11－13题。

　　11. What did the woman do for the man?

　　A. She cleaned his house. B. She made him breakfast.

　　C. She said something nice about him.

　　12. What does the man think the woman wants to do?

　　A. Something unpleasant. B. Something sweet. C. Something funny.

　　13. What do we know about the woman?

　　A. She is fond of shopping. B. She wants to borrow some money.

　　C. She has taken up a new hobby.

　　听第9段材料，回答第14－16题。

　　14. What are speakers mainly talking about?

　　A. An online service. B. The woman’s favorite TV shows.

　　C. The quality of TV shows nowadays.

　　15. What does the woman like to watch?

　　A. Current TV shows. B. Movies rented from stores.

　　C. Old TV shows.

　　16. What does the man want to do?

　　A. To buy a TV. B. To join Netflix. C. To watch a movie.

　　听第10段材料，回答第17－20题。

　　17. What’s the speaker’s suggestion in the talk?

　　A. Getting a variety of clothes. B. Taking an umbrella in summer.

　　C. Drinking plenty of water.

　　18. What’s summer like in the United States?

　　A. It lasts for about 5 months.

　　B. It often rains in most areas.

　　C. The temperature generally keeps the same.

　　19. Why are many homes and buildings cool even in summer?

　　A. They are built with special materials.

　　B. Doors and windows are kept open.

　　C. They often have fans or air conditioners.

　　20. Where might the talk take place?

　　A. In a classroom. B. On the radio. C. In a studio.

　　第二部分：运用（共两节满分35分）

　　://www./gaokao/shandong/

　　第一节：和词汇知识（共l5小题；每小题l分，满分l5分）

　　从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。

　　21. Their university is located on a beautiful lake, ____ of this developing city.

　　A. southeast thirty miles B. thirty miles southeast

　　C. thirty miles to southeast D. to thirty miles southeast

　　22. I ____ you, but I didn't think you would listen to me.

　　A. could have told B. must have told C. should tell D. might tell

　　23. I wonder how it ____ that Chinese climbers successfully finished the torch relay on the Mount Qomolangma, where the air is so thin.

　　A. came out B. came across C. came over D. came about

　　24. Will you see to ____ that my birds are looked after well while I'm away?

　　A. them B. yourself C. it D. me

　　25. _____ the help of experienced career instructors, this type of job-hunting training ____ to be very efficient.

　　A. By; has proved B. With; has proved C. Under; is proving D. With; is proved

　　26. ——What's the matter with Tim?

　　——Oh, Tim's cell-phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ____ again.

　　A. to find B. to be found C. finding D. being found

　　27. They became partners at work that day. Until then, they ______ to each other for

　　nearly three years.

　　A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken

　　C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking

　　28.— Do you think I should join the singing group, Mary?

　　— _____ . If I were in your shoes, I certainly would.

　　A. None of your business B．It depends

　　C．Why not D．I don’t think so

　　29. Thank you for sending us ____ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us ____ great service.

　　A. 不填; a B. the; a C. 不填; 不填 D. the; 不填

　　30. We had a really bad time about six months ago but now things are ____.

　　A. picking up B. coming up C. making up D. turning up

　　31. __________this program is very controversial, it ________ many teenagers.

　　A. In spite of; appeals B. Despite; appeals to

　　C. Although; appeals D. Despite the fact that; appeals to

　　32. He has learned_______, no matter what happens and how bad _____ seems today, life goes on and it will be better tomorrow.

　　A. that; it B. it; that C. it; it D. that; that

　　33. ______ he has learned through practice before ______ him a lot in his future work.

　　A. That; helping B. What; helped

　　C. That; it helps D. What; will help

　　34. Last week, part of China was struck by heavy snow, from ____effects the people are still suffering.

　　A. that B. whose C. those D. what

　　35. According to news reports personal _____of guns in the USA causes a lot of trouble.

　　A. wealth B. possession C. matter D. problem

　　第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分, 满分20分）

　　阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

　　It’s easy to see how to help some people, but what about those whose needs are not so obvious? This story may have happened a while back ---but it was a 36

　　which has stayed with me and helped me ever since.

　　It was Thanksgiving Day and I was 37 with my parents at a shelter centre for the needy. Standing behind the counter, we 38 hot food to whoever came in. Most of the people who came here looked like they had been 39 hard times. Their clothes were so worn-out, and they were so dirty. In short, they looked needy!

　　Then, a man came in , who looked ___40_ but needy. He was well dressed, for he wore an expensive suit. I wondered what he was doing there and my jaw dropped in 41 when he joined the line for food. The closer he came to my service station, the more I 42 in a low voice. I wanted to know what this man was doing. 43

　　he wasn’t going to take food 44 for those who were really in need!

　　Then my mother 45 took me to one side. She said, “You have 46

　　that the needs of the people who come here must be purely physical: hunger, lack of

　　47 , clothing and so on. And this gentleman doesn’t seem to have any of those

　　48 . But what if his needs are 49 ? What if he needs comfort, friends, or just to be among other human beings?” Her words 50 me like a ton of bricks! I felt like I should 51 to the man ---but I didn’t .

　　About a week later the shelter centre received a large 52 from an anonymous(匿名)source. I can’t help but 53 if it came from that man.

　　Now, whenever I meet someone I remember my mother’s lesson and try to send

　　kindness and blessings 54 what they look like. Needs aren’t always 55 . But kindness always makes a difference.

　　36. A. situation B. secret C. lesson D. comment

　　37. A. volunteering B. practising C. training D. performing

　　38. A. recommended B. collected C. delivered D. distributed

　　39. A. looking for B. going through C. learning from D. preparing for

　　40. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing

　　41. A. peace B. respect C 高中政治. delight D. amazement

　　42. A. declared B. remarked C. complained D. argued

　　43. A. Generally B. Surely C. Largely D. Probably

　　44. A. meant B. applied C. watched D. answered

　　45. A. rudely B. excitedly C. slowly D. quietly

　　46. A. assumed B. ignored C. announced D. confirmed

　　47. A. food B. shelter C. water D. coats

　　48. A. problems B. choices C. satisfactions D. feelings

　　49. A. natural B. practical C. valuable D. emotional

　　50. A. encouraged B. struck C. wounded D. disappointed

　　51. A. respond B. suggest C. describe D. apologize

　　52. A. order B. baggage C. donation D. bill

　　53. A. imagine B. wonder C. realize D. admit

　　54. A. in honor of

　　B. for fear of C. regardless of D. in spite of

　　55. A. visible B. reasonable C. ridiculous D. mysterious

　　第三部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　At a certain time in our lives we consider every place as the possible site for a house. I have thus searched the country within a dozen miles of where I live. In imagination I have bought all the farms, one after another, and I knew their prices.

　　The nearest thing that I came to actual ownership was when I bought the Hollowell place. But before the owner completed the sale with me, his wife changed her mind and wished to keep it, and he offered me additional dollars to return the farm to him. However, I let him keep the additional dollars and sold him the farm for just what I gave for it.

　　The real attraction of the Hollowell farm to me was its position, being about two miles from the village, half a mile from the nearest neighbor, bounded on one side by the river, and separated from the highway by a wide field. The poor condition of the house and fences showed that it hadn’t been used for some time. I remembered from my earliest trip up the river that the house used to be hidden behind a forest area, and I was in a hurry to buy it before the owner finished getting out some rocks, cutting down the apple trees, and clearing away some young trees which had grown up in the fields. I wanted to buy it before he made any more of his improvements. But it turned out as I have said.

　　I was not really troubled by the loss. I had always had a garden, but I don’t think I was ready for a large farm. I believe that as long as possible it is better to live free and uncommitted (无牵挂的). It makes but little difference whether you own a farm or not.

　　56. What do we know about the author?

　　A. He wanted to buy the oldest farm near where he lived.

　　B. He made a study of many farms before buying.

　　C. He made money by buying and selling farms.

　　D. He had the money to buy the best farm in the country.

　　57. Why did the author decide to buy the Hollowell place?

　　A. It was of good market value. B. It was next to the highway.

　　C. It was in a good position. D. It was behind a nice garden.

　　58. Why did the author want to buy the farm in a hurry?

　　A. He was afraid the owner might changes his mind.

　　B. He hoped to enlarge the forest on the farm.

　　C. He wanted to keep the farm as it was.

　　D. He was eager to become a farm owner.

　　59. The underlined words “the loss” in the last paragraph refer to ___.

　　A. the money the author lost in buying the farm

　　B. the sale of the garden in the Hollowell place

　　C. the removal of the trees around the house

　　D. the failure to possess the Hollowell place

　　60. What does the author believe as important in life?

　　A. To own a farm B. To satisfy his needs

　　C. To be free from worries D. To live in the countryside

　　In a moment of personal crisis, how much help can you expect from a New York taxi driver? I began studying this question and found the answers interesting.

　　One morning I got into three different taxis and announced, “Well, it’s my first day back in New York in seven years. I’ve been in prison.” Not a single driver replied, so I tried again. “Yeah, I shot a man in Reno.” I explained, hoping the driver would ask me why, but nobody asked. The only response came from a Ghanaian driver, “Reno? That is in Nevada?”

　　Taxi drivers were uniformly sympathetic when I said I’d just been fired. “This is America,” a Haitian driver said. “One door is closed. Another is open.” He argued against my plan to burn down my boss’s house. A Pakistani driver even turned down a chance to profit from my loss of hope; he refused to take me to the middle of George Washington Bridge—a $20 trip. “Why you want to go there? Go home and relax. Don’t worry. Take a new job.”

　　One very hot weekday in July, while wearing a red ski mask and holding a stuffed pillowcase with the word “BANK” on it, I tried calling a taxi five times outside different banks. The driver picked me up every time. My ride with a Haitian driver was typical of the superb assistance I received.

　　“Let’s go across the park.” I said. “I just robbed the bank there. I got $25,000.”

　　“$25,000?” he asked.

　　“Yeah, you think it was wrong to take it?”

　　“No, man. I work 8 hours and I don’t make almost $70. If I can do that, I do it too.”

　　As we approached 86th and Lexington, I pointed to the Chemical Bank.

　　“Hey, there’s another bank,” I said, “Could you wait here a minute while I go inside?”

　　“No, I can’t wait. Pay me now.” His reluctance may have something to do with money—taxi drivers think the rate for waiting time is too low—but I think he wanted me to learn that even a bank robber can’t expect unconditional support.

　　61. From the Ghanaian driver’s response, we can infer that ____.

　　A. he was indifferent to the killing B. he was afraid of the author

　　C. he looked down upon the author D. he thought the author was crazy

　　62. Why did the Pakistani driver refuse to take the author to the middle of the George Washington Bridge?

　　A. Because he was able to help the author to find a new job.

　　B. Because he wanted to go home and relax.

　　C. Because it was far away from his home.

　　D. Because he thought that the author would commit .

　　63. What is the author’s interpretation of the driver’s reluctance “to wait outside the Chemical bank”?

　　A. The driver was too busy to wait.

　　B. The driver thought it wrong to support a taxi rider unconditionally.

　　C. The driver was frightened and wanted to leave him as soon as possible.

　　D. The driver did not want to help a suspect to escape from a bank robbery.

　　64. Which of the following statements is true about New York taxi drivers?

　　A. They are ready to help you do whatever you want to.

　　B. they often refuse to pick up those who would kill themselves.

　　C. They are sympathetic with those who are out of work.

　　D. They work only for money.

　　65. The passage mainly discusses ____.

　　A. how to please taxi drivers.

　　B. how to deal with taxi drivers

　　C. the attitudes of taxi drivers towards riders with problems

　　D. the attitudes of taxi drivers towards their work

　　Mulch(护盖物;护根层) is important to farmers. Mulch is a protective cover of material that is spread on top of soil. It is usually made out of organic material, like crop waste. Farmers may keep the remains of maize or other crops on top of the soil. This creates mulch on the soil surface. The plant remains help protect the soil against wind and water damage. Mulching is one of the best things people can do for their plants. Mulch not only protects the soil against wind and water damage.It also helps keep the soil from getting too dry, and reduces the need for watering plants. It also limits temperature changes in the soil. And it stops unwanted plants, or weeds, from growing.

　　Organic mulch improves the condition of soil. As the mulch breaks down, it provides material which keeps the soil from getting hard. This improves the growth of roots and increases the movement of water through the soil. It also improves the ability of the soil to hold water. Organic mulch contains nutrients for plants. It also provides a good environment for earthworms and other helpful organisms in the soil.

　　The United States Department of Agriculture says it is easy to find organic mulch materials. Cut-up leaves and small pieces of tree bark can be used. Grass cuttings are also a good mulch for plants. Mulch from newspapers works well in controlling weeds.

　　The best time to add mulch depends on your goal. Mulch provides a thick barrier between the soil and the air. This helps to reduce temperature changes in the soil. As a result, mulched soil will be cooler than other soil in the summer. In winter, the mulched soil may not freeze as deeply as other soil. The best time is after the ground has frozen, but before the coldest weather arrives. Spreading mulch before the ground has frozen may attract small animals searching for a warm place to spend the winter. Delaying the spreading should prevent this problem. The animals will probably find another place to live.

　　66. The author tells us the following EXCEPT ___________.

　　A. what mulch is and its benefits

　　B. the best time to add mulch

　　C. what can be mulch on the soil surface

　　D. the bad effects of mulch

　　67. The following can be used as organic materials to make mulch EXCEPT _______.

　　A. tree barks B. cut-up leaves C. grass cuttings D. plastic

　　68. Which of the following is the benefit of mulch?

　　A. Protecting the soil against wind and water damage.

　　B. Keeping the soil wet and reducing the need for watering plants

　　C. Reducing temperature changes in the soil and stopping unwanted weeds growing.

　　D. All of the above.

　　69. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that organic mulch can ______.

　　A. improve the condition of soil

　　B. improve the ability of the soil to hold water

　　C. provide a good environment for earthworms

　　D. improve the growth of roots and increase the movement of water through the soil

　　70. From the last paragraph, we know ______.

　　A. the best time to add mulch is in spring and summer

　　B. the best time to add mulch is after the coldest weather arrives

　　C. the best time to add mulch depends on weather

　　D. choosing the best time to add mulch can avoid attracting small animals

　　How do you know if your home is an easy aim for thefts? Around the holidays, many families don’t consider taking proper measures to prevent their homes from suffering holiday thefts. With just a few simple steps, you can better make sure of the safety of your home during all of the holiday celebrations. Here are a few tips for making it difficult to tell you are away from home.

　　● Either have a trusted neighbor pick up your mail and newspapers, or tell your mailperson to hold your mail until you return. Nothing says “Hey, we are not home!” like when your postbox is filled with all kinds of mails and you have many different newspapers in your driveway.

　　● Set several different lights in your house on random timers (随机定时器). Don’t leave your outdoor lights on all the time. Instead, put your outside lights on timers to be on during the nights. If an outdoor light remains on for days at a time, it means that nobody is home to turn it off.

　　● If you have pets that you are not taking with you on vacation, leave them with a friend, rather than having someone come into your house every day to take care of them. When thefts see a neighbor or friend entering your house every day, they will know you are not home.

　　● Close all your curtains when you leave town. This is effective to deter possible thefts, as no one can see what is in your house. If they don’t know what is inside, then they are less likely to run the risk of breaking in.

　　● This article just has suggested a few tips to help you keep your house safe while you are on holiday. Nothing can truly protect your home unless you have it monitored by a professional home security system.

　　71. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. to tell us how to prevent the thefts around the holidays

　　B. to let the outdoor lights on all the time

　　C. to tell us many families suffering from the thefts while they are on holiday

　　D. to tell you to have your neighbor go to your house to take care of your pet.

　　72. If you are on holiday in other places, the lights in your house should________.

　　A. be lit in an irregular way B. be kept on all the night

　　C. be replaced by random timers D be turned on only once one day

　　73. To make your home is well protected, what does the writer advise you to do?

　　A. Have all the curtains closed B. Stop your mail service at once

　　C. Turn to your close neighbors or friends

　　D. Equip your home with security system

　　74. Most of the tips mentioned in the text seem to ______.

　　A. be very popular with families B. have no effect on preventing thefts

　　C. give a false impression on thefts.

　　D. be a little hard to be brought into effect.

　　75. The underlined word “ deter ”probably means “___________ ”.

　　A. discover B. discourage C. surprise D. attract

　　第II卷（非选择题共45分）

　　第四部分书面表达（共两节，满分45分）

　　第一节阅读表达（共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分）

　　阅读表达：

　　［1］Peer tutoring (同伴指导)benefits many students in several ways. Peer tutors can help themselves in understanding materials. They have to master the material themselves and come to a deeper understanding to teach others rather than getting taught by a teacher.

　　［2］Peer tutors get communication and social skills by tutoring. In order to communicate the meaning of material clearly and make it understood, they must practice the necessary skills to communicate with other people. These skills also carry over socially as it’s much easier, especially for shy children to communicate with someone than to communicate with a large group as in a classroom. It’s common for the tutor and his student to become friends. Developing leadership skills, confidence and a sense of responsibility is easy for a tutor. The tutor becomes a better student, gains more confidence and understands the teacher’s role better.

　　［3］Those ___________ can also benefit greatly from peer tutoring. Since the tutors are of the same age as the students, it’s more comfortable for the children who have trouble with the material and in need of help to get taught by the same age tutors. This will allow them to ask more questions without fear and to come to a better understanding of the material. The tutor may be able to pass on little tips and tricks that helped him understand the material better.

　　［4］The process of peer tutoring works for all the related people. It’s easy to relate to someone of the same age. The tutor learns to improve skills useful later in life. The teacher has more time to concentrate on students. It’s a winning situation for everyone.

　　76. What is peer tutoring according to the text?(no more than 12 words) (3分)

　　___________________________________________________________

　　77. What are the benefits of being a peer tutor?(no more than 12 words) (4分)

　　1)____________ 2)_____________ 3)_____________4)_____________

　　78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 5 words) (3分)

　　__________________________________________________

　　79. Whom do you prefer to turn to when you have trouble in learning, your teacher or your classmate? Why?(no more than 30 words) (3分)

　　_________________________________________________________

　　80. What is the author’s attitude toward peer tutoring? (no more than 10 words) (2分)

　　______________________________________________________________.

　　第二节写作（满分30分）

　　假如你叫李华,是一位生。最近，《生英语报》就“生对的态度”进行讨论。作为生，你肯定经历过多次。