成吉思汗陵英文介绍
【导语】成吉思汗陵(西里尔蒙古文：Чингис хааны онгон，英文：Mausoleum of Genghis Khan) ，简称成陵。是蒙古帝国第一代大汗成吉思汗的衣冠冢，位于内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗草原上，距鄂尔多斯市区40公里。
成吉思汗陵英文介绍
Genghis Khan, "Khan of Khans", was the great leader of Mongolians. At the end of 12th century, he united Mongolian tribes and challenged other powers to expand his huge Mongolian empire, which extended from South China to the Caspian Sea.
In 1277, Khan attacked the West Xia Kingdom and encountered strong resistance. He died of disease and age. The great emperor was later buried secretly according to Mongolian custom. It says that after the burial 2,000 men were slaughtered by some 800 soldiers who were in turn executed so that the location of the real tomb remains a secret.
Genghis Khan's Mausoleum, rebuilt in 1954 185 kilometers south of Baotou, is a mausoleum, in which only his clothing is buried in memory of the great leader. The 5.5 hectares mausoleum includes three giant yurt halls which house coffins of the Khan, his wife, his son and his generals.
There are four sacrifice ceremonies held annually to commemorate the great hero and leader of the Mongolian people. The ceremony, held on March 21st on lunar calendar, is the grandest. After the ceremony, horse racing, archery and wrestling are held as entertainment.
Notes:
1. Genghis Khan's Mausoleum 成吉思汗陵
2. Caspian Sea 里海
3. West Xia Kingdom 西夏王国
成吉思汗简介
孛儿只斤·铁木真（1162年－1227年8月25日）[111]，尊号“成吉思汗”（传统蒙古文： ；拉丁蒙古文：inggis Qaγan；西里尔蒙古文：Чингис Хаан；英文：Genghis Khan），蒙古族乞颜部人，生于漠北斡难河（今鄂嫩河）上游地区（今蒙古国肯特省）。大蒙古国可汗（1206年－1227年8月25日在位），世界史上杰出的军事家、政治家。
铁木真早年丧父，被敌对部族驱逐，投奔克烈部。后集合部众，于1189年被推举为蒙古乞颜部可汗，经过一系列战争，在1204年基本统一蒙古高原诸部。1206年在斡难河源即皇帝（汗）位，建立大蒙古国。建国后，实行千户制，建立护卫军，颁布《大扎撒》。经过多次的对外战争，他占领了东亚金朝的大片领土，并灭亡西夏、西辽及中亚的花剌子模，其征服足迹远抵黑海海滨。1227年，铁木真在西夏投降前夕病逝，终年六十六岁。临终前定下“联宋灭金”的战略，死后被秘密安葬于起辇谷。元朝建立后，累赠谥号为法天启运圣武皇帝，庙号太祖。
铁木真是一位极具争议性的人物。自其崛起以来，便被视为野蛮残忍的侵略者[78]。近代以来，也有观点认为铁木真及其继承人领导下的'蒙古帝国发动的对外征服战争，促进了欧亚大陆间的相互影响，对之后的世界历史进程产生了深远的影响[29]。此外，他对蒙古诸部的统一战争，对蒙古民族共同体的形成起到了重要的作用[2]。铁木真至今仍被蒙古人视为民族英雄，成为蒙古国的国家象征[23]。
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