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英语阅读理解的猜词技巧

时间：2024-03-22 12:31:19 博耿英语阅读我要投稿

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英语阅读理解的猜词技巧

　　许多人在阅读英语文章时，一见到生词就会情不自禁地停止阅读，翻开词典查找意思。等终于在词典上找到了这个词，通常又会发现它有很多种意思，就在你逐一研究这些意思并竭力要确定哪一个意思适合你所阅读的文章时，却往往发现你把刚才阅读到的东西忘记了大半，这种尴尬事许多人都碰到过。在这种情况下，根据上下文猜测词义就更为重要。

英语阅读理解的猜词技巧

　　下面介绍几种常用的猜词技巧。

　　1.利用定义或解释(definition or explanation)

　　Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定语从句…..etc.

　　举例：

　　Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽), or young leaves of trees.(B)

　　The word “pruning” means______

　　A. Regular cutting(修剪) of the plants

　　B. Frequent watering

　　C. Regular use of chemicals

　　D. Growing the plants high in the mountain

　　2.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience)

　　举例：

　　1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.

　　“ocelot” means _________________(an endangered wild cat)

　　2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short.

　　“adolescence” means___________(The period between childhood and adulthood)

　　3.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive)

　　Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc.

　　举例：

　　The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C)

　　The words “deluxe sedans,” “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to ____.

　　A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers

　　4.利用举例(from examples)

　　Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…ect.

　　举例：

　　1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘) with the wind like feathers.

　　2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.

　　5.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast)

　　(1)Overwork may cause diseases.

　　over(过分的、过量的)+work=overwork“工作过度”。

　　(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the managers eyes.

　　dis “不” + satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。

　　6.利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等

　　举例：

　　1. Is he intelligent or stupid?

　　2. Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.(C)

　　The underlined word “illiterate” in the passage means ____.

　　A. Repeated B. reiterated. C uneducated D. sick

　　7.利用同义词或反义词(Synonym or Antonym)

　　举例：

　　Signal words:because，since ,so, such…that,so…that, ect

　　I feel that since you are my superior(上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”(B)

　　The word “presumptuous” is closest in meaning to “____” .

　　A.full of respect B. rude and too confident

　　C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet

　　8.利用原因与结果关系猜词(from Cause and Result)

　　The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.(A)

　　A. work B. study C. name D. interest

　　9.利用上下文的语境(context or related information)

　　内在逻辑关系

　　根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致义域。

　　1、根据对比关系猜测词义

　　在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。

　　【例一】Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.

　　该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语in contrast(相对照的，相对比的)可以提X我们：supercilious和后面词组humble and modest(谦卑又谦虚)是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。

　　表X对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 和while 引导的并列句等。

　　【例二】A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones。

　　该句中并未出现上面提到的表X对比关系的词或短语，但是通过上下文可以判断出句子前后是对比关系，即把熟练工人与非熟练工人区分开。这时我们也能够推断出生词adept的词义——“熟练的”。

　　2、根据比较关系猜测词义

　　同对比关系相反，比较关系表X意义上的相似关系。

　　【例如】Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.

　　该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系。以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。

　　表X比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly, like, just as, also等。

　　3、根据因果关系猜测词义

　　在句子或段落种，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。

　　针对性解释

　　针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。

　　1、根据定义猜测词义

　　如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

　　【例一】anthropology is the scientific study of man.

　　由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。

　　【例二】In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.

　　同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。

　　定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。

　　2、根据复述猜测词义

　　虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。

　　1)同位语

　　【例一】Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently。

　　此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。

　　在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号、和括号等。

　　【例二】Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits。

　　由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义——电容量。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other等副词或短语出现。

　　2)定语从句

　　【例如】Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder,a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.

　　根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语androme characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出SAD含义，即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。

　　根据举例猜测词义

　　恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如：

　　The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”，这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。

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