故宫的英语作文
故宫被列为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，在故宫中有许多独特的建筑形势，也有许多著名的世界文化遗产，下面是小编整理的关于故宫的英语作文的内容，欢迎阅读借鉴。
故宫的英语作文【1】
Lying at the center of Beijing, the Forbidden City, called Gu Gong, in Chinese, was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Now known as the Palace Museum, it is to the north of Tiananmen Square. Rectangular in shape, it is the worlds largest palace complex and covers 74 hectares. Surrounded by a six meter deep moat and a ten meter high wall are 9,999 buildings. The wall has a gate on each side. Opposite the
Tiananmen Gate, to the north is the Gate of Devine Might (Shenwumen), which faces Jingshan Park. The distance between these two gates is 960 meters, while the distance between the gates in the east and west walls is 750 meters. There are unique and delicately structured towers on each of the four corners of the curtain wall. These afford views over both the palace and the city outside. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The southern section, or the Outer Court was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation. The northern section, or the Inner Court was where he lived with his royal family. Until 1924 when the last emperor of China was driven from the Inner Court, fourteen emperors of the Ming dynasty and ten emperors of the Qing dynasty had reigned here. Having been the imperial palace for some five centuries, it houses numerous rare treasures and curiosities. Listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987, the Palace Museum is now one of the most popular tourist attractions world wide.
Construction of the palace complex began in 1407, the 5th year of the Yongle reign of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty. It was
completed fourteen years later in 1420. It was said that a million workers including one hundred thousand artisans were driven into the long-term hard labor. Stone needed was quarried from Fangshan, a suburb of Beijing. It was said a well was dug every fifty meters along the road in order to pour water onto the road in winter to slide huge stones on ice into the city. Huge amounts of timber and other materials were freighted from
faraway provinces. Ancient Chinese people displayed their very considerable skills in building the Forbidden City. Take the grand red city wall for example. It has an 8.6 meters wide base reducing to 6.66 meters wide at the top. The angular shape of the wall totally frustrates attempts to climb it. The bricks were made from white lime and glutinous rice while the cement is made from glutinous rice and egg whites. These incredible materials make the wall extraordinarily strong.
Since yellow is the symbol of the royal family, it is the dominant color in the Forbidden City. Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles;
decorations in the palace are painted yellow; even the bricks on the ground are made yellow by a special process. However, there is one exception. Wenyuange, the royal library, has a black roof. The reason is that it was believed black represented water then and could extinguish fire.
Nowadays, the Forbidden City, or the Palace Museum is open to tourists from home and abroad. Splendid painted decoration on these royal architectural wonders, the grand and deluxe halls, with their surprisingly magnificent treasures will certainly satisfy "modern civilians".
明清两代皇帝居住的宫城叫做紫禁城。紫禁城有两座，一在北京，一在南京。南京紫禁城是明太祖朱元璋和建文帝朱允 4位皇帝和清代10位皇帝。他们在这里君临天下，统治中国491年，将近五个世纪。
这座故宫为什么称为紫禁城呢？原来，中国古代天文学说，根据对太空天体的长期观察，认为紫微星垣居于中天，位置永恒不变，是天帝所居。因而，把天帝所居的天宫谓之紫宫，有“紫微正中”之说。
封建皇帝自称是天帝的儿子，是真龙天子；而他们所居住的皇宫，被比喻为天上的紫宫。他们更希望自己身居紫宫，可以施政以德，四方归化，八面来朝，这到江山永固，以维护长期统治的目的。
明清两代的皇帝，出于维护他们自己的.权威和尊严以及考虑自身的安全，所修建的皇宫，既富丽堂皇，又森严壁垒。这座城池，不仅宫殿重重，楼阁栉比，并围以10米多高的城墙和52米宽的护城河，而且哨岗林立，戒备森严。平民百姓不用说观赏一下楼台殿阁，就是看一看门额殿角，也是绝对不允许的。
明清皇帝及其眷属居住的皇宫，除了为他们服务的宫女、太监、侍卫之外，只有被召见的官员以及被特许的人员才能进入。这里是外人不能逾越雷池一步禁区。因此，明清两代的皇宫，既喻为紫宫，又是禁地，故旧称紫禁城。
北京紫禁城占地面积724250平方米，还没把护城河和护城河与城墙的绿化带计算在内。宫殿房屋建筑面积为155000平立米。紫禁城是一座长方形的城池，南北长961米，东西宽753米，四周有高10米多的城墙围绕，城墙的外沿周长为3428米（城墙外有宽52米的护城河，是护卫紫禁城的重要设施）。城墙四边各有一门，南为午门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门。城墙的四角有四座设计精巧的角楼。
北京紫禁城筹建于明成祖永乐(公元1404年～公元1424年)五年，兴建于永乐十五年至十八年。整个营造工程由侯爵陈圭督造，具体负责是规划师吴中。紫禁城位于都城正中，中轴线穿过皇城正中，也就是穿过紫禁城中三大殿、三大宫。紫禁城正门为正南门午门，午门是宫城中最高的门座，朝中大赦、献俘等重大仪式都在午门举行。其北门为神武门，东门为东华门，西门为西华门。
紫禁城作为明清两代的宫城，也分为外朝、内廷两个部分。外朝是皇帝办公的地方。举凡国家的重大活动和各种礼仪，都在外朝举行。外朝由天安门——端门——午门——太和殿——中和殿——保和殿组成的中轴线和中轴线两旁的殿阁廊庑组成。内廷是皇帝后妃生活的地方，
故宫的英语作文【2】
what strikes one first in a bird's -eye view of beijing proper is a vast tract of golden roofs flashing brilliantly in the sun with purple walls occasionally emerging amid them and a stretch of luxuriant tree leaves flanking on each side. that is the former imperial palace, popularly known as the forbidden city, from which twenty-four emperors of the ming and qing dynasties ruled china for some 500 years--from1420 to 1911. the ming emperor yong le, who usurped the throne from his nephew and made beijing the capital, ordered its construction, on which approximately 10,000 artists and a million workmen toiled for 14 years from 1408 to 1420. at present, the palace is an elaborate museum that presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture complex and more than 900,000 pieces of court treasures in all dynasties in china.
located in the center of beijing, the entire palace area, rectangular in shape and 72 hectares in size, is surrounded by walls ten meters high and a moat 52 meters wide. at each corner of the wall stands a watchtower with a double-eave roof covered with yellow glazed tiles.the main buildings, the six great halls, one following the other, are set facing south along the central north-south axis from the meridian gate, the south entrance, to shenwumen, the great gate piercing in the north wall. on either side of the palace are many comparatively small buildings. symmetrically in the northeastern section lie the six eastern palaces and in the northwestern section the six western palaces. the palace area is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner palace. the former consists of the first three main halls, where the emperor received his courtiers and conducted grand ceremonies, while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence. at the rear of the inner palace is the imperial garden where the emperor and his family sought recreation.
the main entrance to the palace is the meridian gate(1), which was so named because the emperor considered himself the "son of the heaven" and the palace the center of the universe, hence the north-south axis as the meridian line going right through the palace. the gate is crowned with five towers, commonly known as the five-phoenix towers(2), which were installed with drums and bells. when the emperor went to the temple of heaven, bells were struck to mark this important occasion. when he went to the ancestral temple, it was the drums that were beaten to publicize the event.beyond the meridian gate unfolds a vast courtyard across which the inner golden water river runs from east to west. the river is spanned by five bridges, which were supposed to be symbols of the five virtues preached by confucius--benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence, and fidelity(3).
at the north end of the courtyard is a three-tiered white marble terrace, seven meters above the ground, on which, one after another, stand three majestic halls; the hall of supreme harmony(4), the hall of complete harmony(5), and the hall of preserving harmony(6).the hall of supreme harmony, rectangular in shape, 27 meters in height, 2,300 square meters in area, is the grandest and most important hall in the palace complex. it is also china's largest existing palace of wood structure and an outstanding example of brilliant color combinations. this hall used to be the throne hall for ceremonies which marked great occasions: the winter solstice, the spring festival, the emperor's birthday and enthronement, and the dispatch of generals to battles, etc. on such occasions there would be an imperial guard of honor standing in front of the hall that extended all the way to the meridian gate.
on the north face of the hall in the center of four coiled-golden dragon columns is the "golden throne", which was carved out of sandalwood. the throne rests on a two-meter-high platform with a screen behind it. in front of it, to the left and right, stand ornamental cranes, incense burners and other ornaments. the dragon columns entwined with golden dragons measure one meter in diameter. the throne itself, the platform and the screen are all carved with dragon designs. high above the throne is a color-painted coffered ceiling which changes in shape from square to octagonal to circular as it ascends layer upon layer. the utmost central vault is carved with the gilded design of a dragon toying with pearls. when the emperor mounted the throne, gold bells and jade chimes sounded from the gallery, and clouds of incense rose from the bronze cranes and tortoises and tripods outside the hall on the terrace. the aura of majesty created by the imposing architecture and solemn ritual were designed to keep the subjects of the "son of the heaven" in awe and reverence.
the hall of complete harmony is smaller and square with windows on all sides. here the emperor rehearsed for ceremonies. it is followed by the hall of preserving harmony in which banquets and imperial examinations were held.behind the hall of preserving harmony lies a huge marble ramp with intertwining clouds and dragons carved in relief. the slab, about 6.5 meters long, 3 meters wide and 250 tons in weight, is placed between two flights of marble steps along which the emperor's sedan was carried up or down the terrace. it is the largest piece of stone carving in the imperial palace. quarried in the mountains scores of kilometers southwest of beijing, this gigantic stone was moved to the city by sliding it over a specially paved ice road in winter. to provide enough water to build the ice road, wells were sunk at very 500 meters along the way.the three halls of the inner palace are replicas of the three halls in the front, but smaller in size. they are the palace of heavenly purity(7), the hall of union(8), and the palace of earthly tranquility(9).
the palace of heavenly purity was once the residence of the ming emperors and the first two of the qing emperors. then the qing emperor yong zheng moved his residence to the palace of mental cultivation and turned it into an audience hall to receive foreign envoys and handled the state affairs. the promotion and demotion of officials were also decided in this hall. after the emperor's death his coffin was placed here for a 49-day period of mourning.the palace of union was the empress's throne room and the hall of earthly tranquility, once a private living room for the empress, was partitioned. the west chamber served religious purposes and the east one was the bridal chamber where the newly married emperor and empress spent their first two nights after their wedding.
the imperial garden was laid out during the early ming dynasty. hundreds of pines and cypresses offer shade while various flowers give colors to the garden all year round and fill the air with their fragrance. in he center of the garden is the hall of imperial peace, a daoist temple, with a flat roof slightly sloping down to the four eaves. this type of roof was rare in ancient chinese architecture. in he northeastern corner of the garden is a rock hill, known as the hill of the piled-up wonders, which is topped with a pavilion. at the foot of the hill are two fountains which jet two columns of water high into the air. it is said that on the ninth night of the ninth month of the lunar calendar, the empress would mound the hill to enjoy the autumn scene. it is also believed that climbing to a high place on that day would keep people safe from contagious diseases.
the six western palaces were residences for empresses and concubines. they are kept in their original way for show. the six eastern palaces were the residences for them too. but now they serve as special museums: the museum of bronze, the museum of porcelain and the museum of arts and crafts of the ming and qing dynasties. in the northeastern-most section of the inner palace are the museum of traditional chinese paintings and the museum of jewelry and treasures where rare pieces of imperial collections are on display.
now the forbidden city is no longer forbidding, but inviting. a visit to the palace museum will enrich the visitors' knowledge of history, economy, politics, arts as well as architecture in ancient china.
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