商务英语活学活用分析

时间:2021-01-25 17:53:33 商务英语 我要投稿

商务英语活学活用分析

  商务英语活学活用 面试(1)

  Ⅰ.核心学习:

商务英语活学活用分析

  Let’s Learn How to Find a Job! 找工作

  Billy: How’s life?

  比利:近来如何?

  Michael: Same old, same old.

  迈克尔:老样子,老样子。

  Billy: What are we going to learn today?

  比利:今天我们将学些什么呢?

  Michael: This time we will continue to learn how to find a job with a foreign company.

  迈克尔:这次我们将学习更多的关于外企找工作的事情。

  Billy: I learned a lot last week, but I need to know more about what questions will be asked at an interview. Come on, quickly, teach me more.

  比利:上周我学了很多,但我需要了解更多在面试中提到的问题,快!教我更多吧。

  点击收藏,了解更多商务英语最新消息。

  Ⅱ.单词简析

  1) Abroad : out of your home country

  国外

  ex:I have never been abroad; I have never been out of China.

  这辆新车上的气囊能救你的命。

  2) Accomplishment : something completed that you’re proud of

  成就

  ex:Writing a book was my greatest accomplishment.

  写本书是我最大的成就。

  3) Automobiles : Cars, trucks, buses and other vehicles

  机动车

  ex:There are too many automobiles in Beijing.

  北京的车辆太多了。

  4) Committed friend (worker) : Loyal, hard worker, or a good friend who is always there for you

  忠实朋友/工人

  ex:My secretary is a committed worker.

  我的秘书是个忠心耿耿的同事。

  5) CURRICULUM VITAE (CV) : a longer document with your educational and work histories

  简历、详细一些的简历

  ex:Always take an extra CV to the job interview.

  面试的时候永远别忘了多带一份简历。

  6) Expect : be prepared for, want

  期待

  ex:I expect to earn 3,000 RMB a month at this job.

  我对这份工作期望的薪金是每月3000元。

  7) Occupation : job, career

  职业

  ex:What is your occupation?

  你的职业是什么?

  8) Strengths : your good traits

  长处,擅长,优点

  Working well with others is her personal strength.

  与他人相处融洽是她的优点。

  Ⅲ.课文篇

  To find out if you are the one for the job, the interviewer will ask some of the following questions. Remember to be as POSITIVE as possible in your answers. Always try to find the GOOD side in everything. Talk only about your best experiences, unless otherwise asked.

  为了了解你是否适合这份工作,面试人员将会问你下面一些问题。在回答这些问题的时候,要尽量正面回答。始终要发掘自己的闪光点。除非被问到,否则要始终谈论你最好的业绩。

  Example 1

  Q: Why did you quit your last job? (what caused you to have to leave your last job?)

  问:你为什么要辞去以前的工作呢?(是什么原因使得你辞去以前的工作?)

  A: My last job was at a small company with very little future. Your company, however, is growing very quickly and moving in very productive directions. (By answering this way, you show that you are motivated while also praising the interviewers company.)

  答:我以前工作的公司是一个小公司,没有什么前途。可是贵公司发展迅速,前途光明。(如果这样回答问题,你就表现出了进取心,同时也表扬了面试你的公司。)

  Example 2

  Q: Can you tell me about something special you did in your last job? (what did you learn from your last place of work?)

  问:你能告诉我你在以前的工作中表现出色的地方吗?(你从以前的工作中学到了什么?)

  A: I was employee of the month three times. It taught me that organizational skills and working as part of a "team" are important. (Here you should boast. Praise yourself! Don’t be shy here.)

  答:我连续三次被评选为“月度最佳职员”。这份工作教会我组织技巧和作为"团队"一部分的重要性。(这时你不必过分谦虚。表扬自己,不要感到不好意思。)

  Example 3

  Q: What are your personal strengths? (what are you good at? Why are you special?)

  问:你的个人优点是什么?(你擅长什么?你有什么与众不同之处?)

  A: I work well with others, and learn new things quickly. (It is wise to think about this carefully before the interview and remember your best points, especially those which are related to your work.)

  答:我与同事相处融洽,而且接受新事物很快。(在面试前仔细想一象这些问题是很明智的做法,尤其是那些与你的工作相关的事情。)

  Example 4

  Q: Can you tell me more about the classes you took in college? (explain your RESUME or CV in a bit more detail)

  问:你能多告诉我一些你在大学所学的课程吗?(更详细地解释你的简历。)

  A: I took a series of business courses, both in micro and macro-economics. I also have done graduate work in analysis and field research. (Only mention the classes that you think will be useful to you in your new job.)

  答:我学了一些商业课程,包括微观经济学和宏观经济学。我还做了一些有关分析和实际调查的研究生工作。(只谈论你认为会有助于你获得新工作的课程。)

  Ⅳ.对话篇

  Interviewer BIG BOSS: Welcome to the ABC HOUSE Company.

  面试者大老板:欢迎来到ABC住房公司。

  Chinese job seeker JOE HO: Thank you. (While shaking hands) My name is Joe Ho, and I’m here about the position in sales.

  求职者中国人胡乔:谢谢。(同时握手)我叫胡乔,我来这里是有关销售的职位。

  Big Boss: Nice to meet you. I am the Big Boss. Please have a seat.

  大老板:见到你很高兴。我是大老板,请坐。

  Joe Ho: Thank you very much.

  胡乔:多谢。

  Big Boss: Why did you quit your last job?

  大老板:你为什么辞掉你的上一份工作?

  Joe Ho: It was a small company with no future. Your company, however is growing very quickly in very productive directions.

  胡乔:那是一家没有前途的小公司。而你的公司正朝着卓有成效的方向迅速发展。

  Big Boss: Do you feel you are a good worker?

  大老板:你觉得你是一个好员工吗?

  Joe Ho: I certainly do feel I am a good worker. As you can see from my RESUME, I have often been the best employee of the month.

  胡乔:我的确觉得我是一个好员工。如你可以从我的简历看到的,我经常是“本月最佳雇员”。

  Big Boss: What did you do at your last job?

  大老板:上一份工作你做什么?

  Joe Ho: I sold all kinds of cars, motorcycles and trucks.

  胡乔:我销售各种各样的小汽车、摩托车和大卡车。

  Big Boss: Did you enjoy your job?

  大老板:你喜欢你的工作吗?

  Joe Ho: Always, of course. I enjoyed helping my customers best of all. I was happy when they were happy.

  胡乔:当然一直喜欢。我最喜欢帮助我的顾客。当他们高兴的时候我就高兴。

  Big Boss: So why do you want to sell houses now?

  大老板:那你现在为什么想做房子销售?

  Joe Ho: I want to sell houses because they are the way of the future in Beijing. Lately, many families are looking to buy a good house but need a friendly, intelligent salesperson to help them. I believe my experience with people, my hard work, and motivation make me perfect for this job.

  胡乔:我想销售房子是因为房子是北京将来的发展趋势。最近,很多家庭正在寻找购买一处好住房,而需要一个友好、有智慧的销售人员帮助他们。我相信我和人们打交道的经验、我的努力以及积极性是我成为这份工作理想的人选。

  Big Boss: What are your personal strengths?

  大老板:你个人的长处是什么?

  Joe Ho: I work well with others and I am a committed friend. I believe customers should be treated like friends.

  胡乔:我善长和其他人一起工作,而且我对朋友很好。我认为我们应该把顾客视为朋友。

  Big Boss: What is your greatest weakness?

  大老板:你最大的弱点是什么?

  Joe Ho: Although I have had many foreign customers and teachers, I have never been abroad to study English. I believe this is my greatest weakness. However, I hope to improve my English in the near future.

  胡乔:尽管我有很多外国的客户和老师,我从没有到过国外去学英语。我认为这是我最大的弱点。不过,我希望在不久的将来提高我的英语。

  Big Boss: Would you be willing to go abroad for English and Sales training?

  大老板:你愿意到国外去学习英语并接受销售培训吗?

  Joe Ho: It would be my pleasure to go abroad to study English and Sales.

  胡乔:到国外去学习英语和销售是我的荣幸。

  Big boss: Great. Do you have any questions for us?

  大老板:太好了。你对我们有什么问题吗?

  Joe Ho: I know that ABC sells houses, but what did you used to sell?

  胡乔:我知道ABC销售房子,不过以前你们销售什么?

  Big Boss: We started off by selling garden houses. We still sell them sometimes.

  大老板:我们以销售花园别墅起家。我们有时还销售花园别墅。

  Joe Ho: How long would our contract be for?

  胡乔:我们的合同期有多长?

  Big Boss: We ask our employees to sign two-year contracts.

  大老板:我们要雇员签两年的合同。

  Joe Ho: One last question. Seeing my work experience and motivation, if I got the job, what salary could I expect?

  胡乔:最后一个问题。就我的工作经验和积极性而言,如果我得到这份工作,我能期望的薪水是多少?

  Big Boss: If you get the job, you will earn two thousand RMB a month plus commission (a percentage of what you sell).

  大老板:如果你得到这份工作,你会得到每月两千人民币加提成(你销售的一个百分比)。

  Joe Ho: (While shaking hands) Thank you, sir. I hope I have the chance to work with you in the future.

  胡乔:(同时握手)谢谢,先生。我希望在将来有机会和你一起工作。

  Big Boss: And thank you for your time, Joe Ho. Good-bye.

  大老板:谢谢你的时间,胡乔,再见。

  商务英语活学活用 找工作准备(1)

  Ⅰ.核心学习:Let’s Learn How to Find a Job! 找工作

  Billy: What’s new with you?

  比利:有什么新变化吗?

  Michael: Nothing much. And you?

  迈克尔:没什么,你呢?

  Billy: Things could be better. I am very nervous preparing for my interview.

  比利:情况应该更好一些。我现在很紧张,忙着准备面试。

  Michael: What are we going to check out today?

  迈克尔:今天我们将学些什么呢?

  Ⅱ.单词简析

  1) BEST BET: (best choice)

  最佳选择

  ex:Make them see you are the best bet for the position.

  让他们觉得你是竞争这个职位的最佳人选。

  2) BOAST : to praise yourself and your deeds

  自夸

  ex:Boasting shows your are confident.

  表扬自己表现出你对自己有信心。

  3) CATCH YOU LATER : (bye-bye),a cool and friendly way of saying good-bye

  再见,一种说“再见”的时髦友好的方式

  ex:See you tomorrow, catch you later.

  明天见,再见。

  4) DON’T CALL US, WE WILL CALL YOU (We don’t think you are right for the job)

  APPLICATION: the interviewer will say this if he/she doesn’t want you for the job.

  不必打电话来询问是否录取,我们会打电话通知你。:(这样说的言下之意是我们并不认为你适合这份工作。)

  用法:如果面试的主考官不希望录取你的话,就会这样说。

  ex:At this time I can only say, don’t call us, we’ll call you.

  在这种情况下我只能说,不要打电话给我们,我们会打电话通知你。

  5) DRILL IT INTO YOUR BRAIN : (remember by repeating over and over)

  APPLICATION: you should drill your good qualities into your brain.

  牢牢记住

  用法:你应该牢牢记住你所具备的优点。

  ex:You have to study hard, you must drill English into your brain.

  你得努力学习,你必须把你所学到的英语牢牢记在脑子里。

  6) KNOW IT LIKE THE BACK OF YOUR HAND : to be familiar with something, knowledge in the world)

  APPLICATION: know the company like the back of your hand.

  了如指掌

  用法:对公司了如指掌。

  ex:I know computers like the back of my hand.

  我对电脑了如指掌。

  7) OFF THE TOP OF YOUR HEAD : (from memory)

  APPLICATION: first try to practice the interview off the top of your head, then practice again using your notes and books.

  挖掘记忆

  用法:首先试着凭记忆来练习面试时的基本对话,然后对照笔记和书本来练习。

  ex:Off the top of your head, can you remember Bill Gate’s phone number?

  凭记忆你能想起比尔·盖茨的电话号码吗?

  Ⅲ.课文篇

  One should prepare for a job interview in a relaxed manner. By that I mean do not pay too much attention to any one single detail at the expense of others. There is no one key to succeeding at an interview; rather a person should rely on the cooperation of a large number of little details. Take things slow and do them correctly.Consistency and sincerity will be greatly appreciated by any potential employer. And always say more than yes or no!

  应该以一种轻松的方式准备面试。这样说的意思是不要为了任何单一的细节而牺牲其它的事情。成功的面试不取决于任何一个孤立的因素,而是许多细节因素综合作用的结果。准备时要从容,然后面试时注意不要出错。对于任何一个潜在的`雇主来说,连贯性和诚挚都会大受欢迎。而且要永远记着不要仅仅停留在回答是或不是上。

  Before the interview, one should prepare some of knowledge about the company one is seeking employment with. What is the main focus of the business? How many people does it employ? What languages are spoken in the offices? The answers to these questions should be well known before setting foot though the door. An employer will show more respect to an individual who cares enough to learn such details.

  在面试前,应聘者应做一些准备,对所要应聘的公司有一些了解。如公司的主要业务是什么,有多少员工?在前去公司进行面试的时候,对这些问题的答案应该了然于胸。雇主应对渴望了解公司的应聘者表示尊重。

  Carefully consider your physical appearance on the day of the interview. Although many companies have adopted a ’casual dress’ atmosphere, you can never lose points by dressing carefully and neatly. The basics of cleanliness are mandatory; showering and brushing your teeth are included in this, and it is recommended that you not smoke before the interview as many people find the lingering odor offensive. On no accounts should one try to smoke during an interview! Taking care with these matters will insure that a potential employer will not have a bad first impression.

  仔细检察你在应聘当天的仪表仪容。虽然许多公司采用一种“休闲服”似的办公环境,但是注意仪容和穿着整洁总是没有坏处。基本的整洁是必须的,洗澡和刷牙也包括在其中,而且建议您最好在面试开始前不要抽烟,许多人发现抽烟后那久滞不去的味道令人难以忍受。在面试时无论如何不要抽烟!注意这些细节会让一个可能的雇员不会给雇主留下恶劣的印象。

  Bring with you to the interview a clean copy of your current resume and any supporting information, such as a list of recommendations, a copy of your university degree or other certificates of education. In addition, if one is seeking employment in a country other than one’s own, be sure to bring all immigration papers which relate to employment in your host country.

  去面试的时候带一份你最新的整洁清晰的简历和任何其它所需的文件,如一些推荐信,一份大学学位证书或任何其它教育证书。另外,如果你是在本国以外的其它国家求职的话,别忘了带上有关你在原住国的职业经历的移民文件。

  Be sure to arrive to your interview on time or even fifteen minutes early. Nothing irritates your potential employer more than to be made to wait! Plan to arrive early, so that unusual conditions, such as a traffic jams will not cause you to miss the appointed time. If extremely unusual conditions present themselves, causing your lateness, try to telephone the employer before you are late, so they will not waste time wondering where you are. Under such circumstances an employer may be willing to reschedule the interview.

  切记一定要准时到达应聘的公司参加面试,甚至提前15分钟到达。你潜在的雇主最讨厌等待!提早做计划,以便在某些特殊的情况下,比如交通堵塞就会害你错过约定的时间。如果有极其特殊的情况发生使得你无法准时到达,在你感到要迟到的之前给公司打电话,以便他们不会浪费时间猜测你怎么了。在这种情况下,雇主也许愿意重新安排面试的时间。

  While waiting for your turn, it is best to make friends with the secretaries or other staff around the office. This is also a good opportunity to practice saying more than yes and no. When your name is called, look up proudly, knowing that you are the one for the job. GOOD LUCK!

  在等待轮到你面试的时候,最好与秘书或办公室的其他职员交朋友。这也是一个练习说更多不限于是或不是回答的机会。当叫到你的名字的时候,自豪地站起来,心中明白你是这个职位的最佳人选。

  Ⅳ.对话篇

  ---Mr. Deckard is the interviewer for the TERELL Corporation. Leon Wang is the eager applicant.---

  迪克阿德先生是TERELL公司的面试者。里昂·王是热切的申请者。

  Mr. Deckard: Come in, young man.

  迪克阿德先生:进来,年轻人。

  Leon: (while shaking hands) I am Leon Wang, nice to finally meet you in person, sir.

  里昂:(同时握手)我是里昂·王,很高兴最后面对面见到了你,先生。

  Mr. Deckard: The pleasure is all mine. I am the personnel director, Mr. Deckard. Please have a seat, son. [NOTE: calling someone "son" is usually a gesture of friendliness.]

  迪克阿德先生:我的荣幸。我是人事总监,迪克阿德先生。请坐,孩子。(注:称某人为“孩子”通常是表示友善的一种姿态。)

  Leon: Thank you. Have you received my resume?

  里昂:谢谢。你收到了我的简历了吗?

  Mr. Deckard: Actually, I haven’t had time to look it over. Did you bring another copy with you?

  迪克阿德先生:实际上,我还没有时间去看它。你带上另一份拷贝了吗?

  Leon: Of course, there you are, sir. (Hands over the RESUME)

  里昂:当然,给您,先生。(递过简历)

  Mr. Deckard: Call me Mr. Deckard.

  迪克阿德先生:叫我迪克阿德先生。

  Leon: Certainly, it would be my pleasure, Mr. Deckard.

  里昂:好,那是我的荣幸,迪克阿德先生。

  Mr. Deckard: Why did you quit you last job at North Star? Aren’t they a large company?

  迪克阿德先生:你为什么辞去在北星的上一份工作?他们不是一家很大的公司吗?

  Leon: You are right, they are a large corporation, but I felt my skills were not being used as well as they could.

  里昂:没错,他们是一家大型公司,不过我觉得我的技能没有得到充分地利用。

  Deckard: How can the TERELL Corporation use you better?

  迪克阿德先生:TERELL公司怎么能更好地用你呢?

  Leon: For example, I know you have several factories in Shanghai. I speak fluent Shanghai dialect. I would be glad to be travel between the cities and handle phone calls from Shanghai.

  里昂:例如,我知道你们在上海有几家工厂。我说一口流利的上海方言。我喜欢往来于城市之间,并接听来自上海的电话。

  Deckard: I see. Now, please tell me about your major while you were in college.

  迪克阿德先生:我明白了。现在请你告诉我关于你上大学时主修的专业。

  Leon: I hold a Bachelor’s Degree in International Enterprise. My major was a combination of International Politics and Economics.

  里昂:我有一个国际企业学士学位。我的专业是国际政治与经济的结合。

  学商务英语必背词汇宝典(23)

  441、Horizontal integration 横向整合

  见纵向整合与横向整合(integration,vertical VS. horizontal)。

  442、Horizontal merger 横向兼并

  见兼并(merger)。

  443、Human capital 人力资本

  一国由劳动力体现的技术知识和技能的存量,源于正式教育和在职培训等方面的投资。

  444、Hyperinflation 恶性通货膨胀

  见通货膨胀(inflation)。

  445、Imperfect competition 不完全竞争

  见不完全竞争(competition,imperfect)。

  446、Imperfect competitor 不完全竞争者

  购买量或销售量足以影响所在市场的价格水平的厂商。

  447、Implicit-cost elements 隐性成本要素

  虽然不是显性货币成本(explicit money costs),但却应像对待显性货币成本那样来加以核算的成本(如小商店店主的劳动成本)。隐性成本有时称"机会成本"(opportunity cost),但后者含义更广。

  448、Imports 进口

  见出口(exports)。

  449、Inappropriability 不可分拨性

  见不可分拨(inappropriable)。

  450、Inappropriable 不可分拨

  用以描述个人使用成本为零,或个人成本低于社会总成本的资源。这些资源的特征是具有外部性。因此,从社会的角度看,市场配置该资源是非效率的。

  451、Incidence(or tax incidence)归宿,或税赋归宿

  一项税收最终的经济负担者(相应于法定纳税人)。例如,销售税表面上由零售商缴纳,但实际上该税赋极有可能转嫁在消费者身上。税收归宿说到底是取决于供给和需求的价格弹性。

  452、Income 收入

  个人或国家一段时期内(通常为一年)所新增的工资、利息、红利和其他进帐的流量。

  453、Income effect(of a price change)(价格变动的)收入效应

  商品价格变动会引起消费者实际收人变动,进而会导致对该商品的需求量的变动。价格变动的收人效应是价格变动的替代效应(substitution effect)的一种补充。

  454、Income elasticity of demand 需求的收入弹性

  任何给定物品的需求不仅受该物品价格的影响,而且受购买者收人的影响。收入弹性用于衡量物品需求量对于收人的敏感程度。其精确定义是:需求量变动的百分比除以收人变动的百分比。[参见需求的价格弹性(price elasticity of demand)]。

  455、Income statement 收益表

  公司的一种报表,报告某时期(通常为一年)的销售收人或所获收益,所售商品的合理的成本,还有剔除成本后所剩的利润(净收入)。又称损益表(profit-and-loss statement)。

  456、Income tax, negative 负所得税

  见负所得税(negative income tax)。

  457、Income tax, personal 个人所得税

  对个人收入课征的税。收入包括工资、薪金,或租金、红利、利息等资产收入。在美国,个人所得税采取累进制(graduated),即高收入者的平均税率要高于低收入者。

  458、Income velocity of money 货币的收入周转率

  见货币周转率(velocity of money)。

  459、Incomes policy 收入政策

  旨在直接限制工资和价格变动以减缓通货膨胀的政策。包括多种形式:从自愿工资一价格指导,到对工资、薪金和价格直接进行法律控制,等等。

  460、Increasing returns to scale 递增的规模报酬

  见规模报酬(returns to scale)。

  学商务英语必背词汇宝典(22)

  421、Gains from trade 贸易利得

  自愿贸易所增加的福利总额。等于消费者剩余与生产者剩余之和。

  422、Galloping inflation 急剧的通货膨胀

  见通货膨胀(inflation)。

  423、Game theory 博弈论

  关于至少存在部分利益冲突的两个或多个决策者所处情况的分析。除用于罢工等讨价还价的情况,以及比赛和战争等冲突的情况之外,还可以用于寡头垄断市场互动的分析。

  424、General-equilibrium analysis 一般均衡分析

  经济整体均衡状态的分析,此时所有的商品和服务市场都同时处于均衡。相应的局部均衡分析(partial-equilibrium analysis),仅研究单个市场的均衡。

  425、GDP deflator GDP紧缩指数

  GDP的"价格"。该价格指数用于衡量GDP各组成部分相对于基年的平均价格。

  426、GDP gap GDP缺口

  潜在GDP与实际GDP的差额或缺口。

  427、GNP 国民生产总值

  见国民生产总值(gross national product)

  428、Gold standard 金本位制

  指这样一种制度:一国(1)宣布其货币单位与一定重量的黄金等价;(2)持有黄金储备,并根据所宣布的价格自由买卖黄金;(3)对黄金的进出口不加任何限制。

  429、Government debt 政府债务

  以债券和短期借款形式存在的政府债务总额。除由准政府机构(如中央银行)持有的债券以外,政府债务一般由公众持有。

  430、Government expenditure multiplier 政府支出增量

  政府采购等支出每增加一美元所引起的GDP的增量。

  431、Graduated income tax 累进所得税

  见个人所得税(income tax,personal)。

  432、Gresham`s Law 格雷欣法则

  由托马斯?格雷欣爵士(Sir Thomas Gresham,英国伊莉莎白女王一世的顾问)首次提出,他在1558年发表的"劣币驱逐良币"这一见解认为:当公众对货币供给的某一部分怀有疑虑时,他们会将"良币"(good money)窖藏起来,并试图将"劣币"(bad money)转让给他人。

  433、Gross domestic product, nominal(or nominal GDP)名义国内生产总值(或名义GDP)

  按当前市场价格计算的一国一年内所生产的全部最终产出的价值。

  434、Gross domestic product, real 实际国内生产总值(实际GDP)

  考虑通货膨胀因素并加以扣除的GDP,也即,实际GDP一名义GDP除以GDP紧缩指数。

  435、Gross national product, nominal 名义国民生产总值(或名义GNP)

  根据当前市场价格计算的一国利用其要素所生产的全部最终产品和服务的价值。

  436、Gross national product, real 实际国民生产总值(实际GNP)

  考虑到通货膨胀因素并加以扣除的GNP,也即,实际GNP一名义GNP除以GNP紧缩指数。

  437、Growth accounting 增长核算

  估计不同要素对经济增长的贡献程度的分析技术。借助边际生产率理论,增长核算将产出增长的源泉分解为劳动、土地、资本、教育、技术知识和其他多种因素。

  438、Hedging 套期保值

  借助对冲交易回避风险的投资技术。例如,若某农场所种的小麦在秋季收获,则农场主可以在春季或夏季先行出售与产出等量的小麦,从而抵消价格波动的风险。或曰,实现套期保值。

  439、High-powered money 高能货币

  见基础货币(monetary base)。

  440、Horizontal equity VS. vertical equity 横向平等与纵向平等

  横向平等指的是:对境况类似的人给予平等或公平的待遇,强调的是基本情况相同的人应得到相同的待遇。纵向平等指的是:对境况不同的人应给予平等的待遇。

  学商务英语必背词汇宝典(21)

  401、Final goods 最终产品

  旨在最终使用而非转卖或进一步加工的商品。(参见"中间产品",intermediate goods)

  402、Financial economics 金融经济学

  经济学的一个分支。分析理性投资者如何通过最有效的方式使用资金和进行投资以期达到目标。

  403、Financial intermediary 金融中介

  接受储蓄存款并将其出借给借款者的机构。包括存款机构(如商业银行和储蓄银行)和非存款机构(如货币市场共同基金、经纪人商行、保险公司或养老基金)。

  404、Firm(business firm)厂商

  (企业)经济体系中基本的私人生产单位。它雇用劳动,购买其他投入品,以制造和销售商品。

  405、Fiscal-monetary mix 财政-货币政策组合

  用以干预宏观经济活动的财政政策和货币政策的组合。紧缩的货币政策和宽松的财政政策,倾向于鼓励消费和抑制投资。而宽松的货币政策和紧缩的财政政策,则具有相反的功效。

  406、Fiscal policy 财政政策

  一种政府计划。内容包括:(1)商品和服务的购买及转移支付等支出;(2)税收的数量和种类。

  407、Fiscal cost 固定成本

  见固定成本(cost,fixed)。

  408、Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率

  见外汇汇率(foreign exchange rate)。

  409、Flexible exchange rates 弹性汇率制

  一种国际汇率制度。在该制度条件下,汇率主要由市场力量(即供给和需求)决定,政府不设定及维持某种特定的汇率。有时也称作"浮动汇率制"(floating exchange rates)。当政府对外汇市场不加干预时,该制度称为纯粹的浮动汇率制。

  410、Floating exchange rates 浮动汇率制

  见弹性汇率制(flexible exchange rates)。

  411、Flow VS. stock 流量与存量

  流量是指,带有时间跨度或曰在一个时段上所累积变动的量(好比通过一个河段的水流)。存量则指,在某一个时点上某一变量的量值(如同湖中所盛的水)。收人代表每一年的美元流入数,因此是一个流量。而到1998年12月为止某人的财富则是一个存量。

  412、Foreign exchange 外汇

  各国用以偿付对他国所欠债务的通货(或其他金融票据)。

  413、Foreign exchange market 外汇市场

  不同国家的通货进行交易的市场。

  414、Foreign exchange rate 外汇汇率

  一国通货与他国通货的交换比率或曰价格。例如,如果你可以用1美元购买19德国马克,那么马克的汇率就是19。如果一国通货钉住某一汇率水平,并准备随时捍卫这一汇率,则称该国实行的是固定汇率制(fixed exchange rate)。而由市场供求力量来决定的汇率称为弹性汇率制(flexible exchange rates)。

  415、Four firm concentration rate 四企业集中度

  见集中度(concentration ratio)。

  416、Fractional-reserve banking 部分准备金

  银行制度现代银行体系的一种管制形式。依法要求有关金融机构将其所吸收的存款的一定比例,以中央银行存款(或库存现金)的形式留作准备金。

  417、Free goods 免费品

  不属于经济品(economic goods)的物品。如空气或海水,它们大量存在于全世界,无需在需求者中间进行配给。因此,这些物品的市场价格为零。

  418、Free trade 自由贸易

  政府不采用关税、配额或其他形式来干预国际贸易的政策。

  419、Frictional unemployment 磨擦性失业

  由个别市场变化所引起的暂时性失业。例如,无经验的工人需要花费时间比较和选择不同的工作机会;甚至有经验的工人往往也需花费少量时间进行工作转换。磨擦性失业有别于周期性失业(cyclical unemployment),后者是在工资和价格呈粘性的条件下,由于总需求水平的低下而造成的。

  420、Full employment 充分就业

  一个有多重含义的术语。历史上曾被用于描述不存在(或仅存在最少量)非自愿失业情况下的就业水平。今天,经济学家用最低可持续失业率[lowest sustainable rate of unemployment(LSUR)]概念来描述可以长期持续的最高的就业水平。

  机械英汉双语词汇学习 278

  toe wall 脚墙;矮墙

  toe wall planter 在斜坡护面的墙脚栽种植物

  toe-board 周边挡板;“踢脚板”

  together interested in the premises 一起享有处所权益

  toilet 厕所

  tolerated structure 暂准构筑物;暂准搭建物

  toleration letter 暂准书

  toleration of irregularity 暂准不符规定情况

  "tong"堂

  tongue and groove joint 榫槽接;企口接

  tongued and grooved boarding 企口板

  top hung window 吊窗

  top out 平顶

  top rail 顶栏杆;上横档〔栏杆〕

  top storey 顶层

  top-dressing 披泥

  topographic map 地形图

  topographic survey 地形测量

  topography 地形;地势;地貌

  topping-out ceremony 平顶仪式

  torsion 扭力;扭转

  torsional force 扭力

  torsional moment 扭弯矩;扭力矩

  torsional reinforcement 扭力钢筋

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